A&P X3 Practice 1 Flashcards
Where nerves serving the upper limbs arise
Cervical enlargement
Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
Filum Terminale
Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
Cauda equina
Inferior point of termination of the spinal cord in an adult
Conus medullaris
Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the—-
ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the—-
Parietal lobe
The perception of location and volume of a sound is the function of
The primary auditory cortex
Which of the following is not a function of CSF?
-initiation of some nerve impulses
-nourishment of the brain
-protection from blows
-reduction of brain weight
Initiation of some nerve impulses
Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.
true or false
False.
(It occurs in the Thalamus)
In the spinal cord, the “wings” of gray matter are connected by the____
Gray commissure
The nerve roots extending below L2 that enter the sacral plexus are part of the
Cauda equina
SpinOcerebellar tracts carry____
information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?
Ependymal cells
The adult spinal cord ends between the level, L1 and L2 of the vertebral column.
true or false
True
Upper Motor neurons, originate in the
Precentral gyrus
Most of the ascending and descending pahways to and from the brain crossover (decussate) from one side of the body to the other.
true or false
True
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called
Association
White matter is Not found in the__
Cerebral cortex
(its found in: corpus callosum, corticospinal tracts, & outer portion of Spinal Cord)
As a cook chops, red onions, he begins to tear up due to the activation of the lacrimal gland, which of the following provide the stimulus
Facial nerve (VII)
If the Ventral root of a spinal nerve cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?
A complete loss of voluntary movement 
Drooping of the Upper eyelid and double vision, are potential symptoms of damage to the olfactory nerve.
True or false?
False
You are following the signal from sensory receptor in the finger to the spinal cord where it immediately synapses with a motor neuron that leaves the spinal cord and innervates a skeletal muscle. The route will be.
Dorsal root > Dorsal horn> Ventral horn > Ventral root> spinal nerve
Dorsal and ventral Rami are similar in that they both contains sensory fibers.
true or false 
True
Injury to cervical vertebrae C3-C4 is particularly problematic because ____
The phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fiber from here.
Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
Vestibulocochlear
A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: He’s unable to close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops.
which cranial nerve has been damaged.?
Facial
A fracture of the ethmoid bone result in damage to which cranial nerve?
Olfactory
Fascicles of axons in the nerve are covered by and separated from one another by the loose connective tissue, called the
Perineurium
Gateway to the cerebrum
Thalamus
Ensures coordination and balance
Cerebellum
Produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival
Brain stem 
Executive suite
Cerebrum
Visceral command center
Hypothalamus 
Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.
true or false?
True
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
-dilation of the pupils
-increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
-Salivation
- Elimination of urine
Dilation of the pupils
A target cell with Beta-2 adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the respiratory bronchioles binds with _________ secreted by autonomic neuron. The result would be _______
NE; Inhibitory
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve_____
X (Vagus)
Which cranial nerves are involved in parasympathetic function?
III, VII, IX, X
Cell body of ANS, preganglionic neurons
(Fig. 5)
A
(lateral horn of gray matter)
All postganglionic autonomic neurons have _________________receptors
Nicotinic Cholinergic
Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron
(Fig. 5)
C
Myelin sheath
(Fig. 5)
E
Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?
-Produces goosebumps
-Contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter
-Increases heart rate and force of contraction
-Dilates bronchioles
Contract, smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter
Site of somatic motoneuron cell body
(Fig. 6)
C
Ventral horn
Anterior horn
site of autonomic Moto neuron cell bodies
(Fig. 6)
D.
Lateral horn
Site of sensory neuron cell bodies
(Fig. 6)
E.
Dorsal root ganglia
DRG
Dorsal route ganglion
A stimulus traveling towards a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the pre-synaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane.
True or False?
True
When, a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner, which of the following is likely a result of the Acetylcholine acting on the post synaptic cell
Chemically gated sodium channels will open
A multi polar neuron has—-
One axon, and multiple dendritic processes arising from the soma 
What determine nerve impulse conduction velocity?
Axon diameter and degree of myelination
If a postsynaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation. This implies that.
The postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons
Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?
Sensory (Afferent) division
Which of the following is NOT true of graded potentials?
-They can be called postsynaptic potentials
-They are short-lived
-They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point
-They can form on receptor endings
They increased amplitude as a move away from the stimulus point 
Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.
true or false?
False
The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting, which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so
Different postsynaptic cells will have different receptors
A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until____
The membrane potential has been reestablished
A graded potential— can have amplitudes of various sizes.
True or false
True
Regarding chemical synapses—
The synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the post synaptic cell.
True or false ?
True
The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly.
Which cells are most responsible for this?
Astrocytes
If a postsynaptic cell is stimulated to threshold by temporal summation, this implies that—
A presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP
Immediately after an action potential has peaked which channel will open?
Voltage-gated potassium channels
The interior surface of a neuron plasma membrane at the resting membrane potential will have a____
Negative charge and contains less sodium than outside of the cell
This glial cells form part of the BBB by providing an extra layer of protection around blood vessels in the brain
Astrocytes
When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy the resulting graded potential is called____
Generator potential
β-Adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.
True or false
False.
Neuro fibers connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum would be found mainly in the—
Pons
Injury to hypothalamus would NOT lead to________
-dehydration,
-loss of body temperature control,
-sleep disturbance,
-loss of fine motor control.
loss of fine motor control.
White matter is found in cerebral cortex.
True or false
False
Hypothalamus— controls, ANS and body temperature.
True or false ?
True
Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia outside CNS.
True or false
True
Regarding synapses— the synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the post synaptic cell.
True or false
True
