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A&P1 Exam— Andrew Criss > A&P X3 Practice 1 > Flashcards

A&P X3 Practice 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where nerves serving the upper limbs arise

A

Cervical enlargement

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2
Q

Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

A

Filum Terminale

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3
Q

Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

A

Cauda equina

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4
Q

Inferior point of termination of the spinal cord in an adult

A

Conus medullaris

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5
Q

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the—-

A

ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.

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6
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the—-

A

Parietal lobe

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7
Q

The perception of location and volume of a sound is the function of

A

The primary auditory cortex

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a function of CSF?
-initiation of some nerve impulses
-nourishment of the brain
-protection from blows
-reduction of brain weight

A

Initiation of some nerve impulses

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9
Q

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.
true or false

A

False.
(It occurs in the Thalamus)

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10
Q

In the spinal cord, the “wings” of gray matter are connected by the____

A

Gray commissure

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11
Q

The nerve roots extending below L2 that enter the sacral plexus are part of the

A

Cauda equina

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12
Q

SpinOcerebellar tracts carry____

A

information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum

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13
Q

What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

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14
Q

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A

Ependymal cells

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15
Q

The adult spinal cord ends between the level, L1 and L2 of the vertebral column.
true or false

A

True

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16
Q

Upper Motor neurons, originate in the

A

Precentral gyrus

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17
Q

Most of the ascending and descending pahways to and from the brain crossover (decussate) from one side of the body to the other.
true or false

A

True

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18
Q

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called

A

Association

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19
Q

White matter is Not found in the__

A

Cerebral cortex

(its found in: corpus callosum, corticospinal tracts, & outer portion of Spinal Cord)

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20
Q

As a cook chops, red onions, he begins to tear up due to the activation of the lacrimal gland, which of the following provide the stimulus

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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21
Q

If the Ventral root of a spinal nerve cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A

A complete loss of voluntary movement 

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22
Q

Drooping of the Upper eyelid and double vision, are potential symptoms of damage to the olfactory nerve.
True or false?

A

False

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23
Q

You are following the signal from sensory receptor in the finger to the spinal cord where it immediately synapses with a motor neuron that leaves the spinal cord and innervates a skeletal muscle. The route will be.

A

Dorsal root > Dorsal horn> Ventral horn > Ventral root> spinal nerve

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24
Q

Dorsal and ventral Rami are similar in that they both contains sensory fibers.
true or false 

A

True

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25
Q

Injury to cervical vertebrae C3-C4 is particularly problematic because ____

A

The phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fiber from here.

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26
Q

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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27
Q

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: He’s unable to close his eye and the corner of his mouth droops.
which cranial nerve has been damaged.?

A

Facial

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28
Q

A fracture of the ethmoid bone result in damage to which cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory

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29
Q

Fascicles of axons in the nerve are covered by and separated from one another by the loose connective tissue, called the

A

Perineurium

30
Q

Gateway to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

31
Q

Ensures coordination and balance

A

Cerebellum

32
Q

Produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival

A

Brain stem 

33
Q

Executive suite

A

Cerebrum

34
Q

Visceral command center

A

Hypothalamus 

35
Q

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.
true or false?

A

True

36
Q

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
-dilation of the pupils
-increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
-Salivation
- Elimination of urine

A

Dilation of the pupils

37
Q

A target cell with Beta-2 adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the respiratory bronchioles binds with _________ secreted by autonomic neuron. The result would be _______

A

NE; Inhibitory

38
Q

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve_____

A

X (Vagus)

39
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in parasympathetic function?

A

III, VII, IX, X

40
Q

Cell body of ANS, preganglionic neurons

(Fig. 5)

A

A

(lateral horn of gray matter)

41
Q

All postganglionic autonomic neurons have _________________receptors

A

Nicotinic Cholinergic

42
Q

Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron

(Fig. 5)

A

C

43
Q

Myelin sheath

(Fig. 5)

A

E

44
Q

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?
-Produces goosebumps
-Contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter
-Increases heart rate and force of contraction
-Dilates bronchioles

A

Contract, smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter

45
Q

Site of somatic motoneuron cell body

(Fig. 6)

A

C
Ventral horn
Anterior horn

46
Q

site of autonomic Moto neuron cell bodies
(Fig. 6)

A

D.
Lateral horn

47
Q

Site of sensory neuron cell bodies
(Fig. 6)

A

E.
Dorsal root ganglia
DRG
Dorsal route ganglion

48
Q

A stimulus traveling towards a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the pre-synaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane.
True or False?

A

True

49
Q

When, a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner, which of the following is likely a result of the Acetylcholine acting on the post synaptic cell

A

Chemically gated sodium channels will open

50
Q

A multi polar neuron has—-

A

One axon, and multiple dendritic processes arising from the soma 

51
Q

What determine nerve impulse conduction velocity?

A

Axon diameter and degree of myelination

52
Q

If a postsynaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation. This implies that.

A

The postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons

53
Q

Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

A

Sensory (Afferent) division

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of graded potentials?
-They can be called postsynaptic potentials
-They are short-lived
-They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point
-They can form on receptor endings

A

They increased amplitude as a move away from the stimulus point 

55
Q

Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.
true or false?

A

False

56
Q

The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting, which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so

A

Different postsynaptic cells will have different receptors

57
Q

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until____

A

The membrane potential has been reestablished

58
Q

A graded potential— can have amplitudes of various sizes.
True or false

A

True

59
Q

Regarding chemical synapses—
The synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the post synaptic cell.
True or false ?

A

True

60
Q

The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly.
Which cells are most responsible for this?

A

Astrocytes

61
Q

If a postsynaptic cell is stimulated to threshold by temporal summation, this implies that—

A

A presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP

62
Q

Immediately after an action potential has peaked which channel will open?

A

Voltage-gated potassium channels

63
Q

The interior surface of a neuron plasma membrane at the resting membrane potential will have a____

A

Negative charge and contains less sodium than outside of the cell

64
Q

This glial cells form part of the BBB by providing an extra layer of protection around blood vessels in the brain

A

Astrocytes

65
Q

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy the resulting graded potential is called____

A

Generator potential

66
Q

β-Adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.
True or false

A

False.

67
Q

Neuro fibers connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum would be found mainly in the—

A

Pons

68
Q

Injury to hypothalamus would NOT lead to________
-dehydration,
-loss of body temperature control,
-sleep disturbance,
-loss of fine motor control.

A

loss of fine motor control.

69
Q

White matter is found in cerebral cortex.
True or false

A

False

70
Q

Hypothalamus— controls, ANS and body temperature.
True or false ?

A

True

71
Q

Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia outside CNS.
True or false

A

True

72
Q

Regarding synapses— the synaptic cleft uses the action potential to transmit a chemical signal to the post synaptic cell.
True or false

A

True

A&P1 Exam— Andrew Criss (4 decks)

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