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A&P 1 Final > A&P Week 5-9 > Flashcards

A&P Week 5-9 Flashcards

1
Q

tendon sheaths

A

tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons. Subject to a great deal of friction

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2
Q

calcium homeostasis

A

Parathyroid gland that secretes PTH when calcium levels drops.
Osteoclasts are stimulated to increase bone resorption & calcium is released.
PTH also stimulates the production of calcitrol absorption in the intestines.

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3
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow space within the diaphysis. contains bone marrow

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4
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of the bone at the joints

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5
Q

sulcus

A

furrow on bone for passage of blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

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6
Q

meatus

A

tube-like opening

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7
Q

condyle

A

rounded projection with a smooth articular surface

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8
Q

fibrous joints

A

Types- sutures, syndesmoses, interosseous membranes.
Lack a synovial cavity
Articulating bones are held together by dense fibrous connective tissue
Permit little or no movement

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9
Q

functional classification of joints

A

Synarthroses- Allow no movement. EX- Suture, gomphosis
Amphiarthroses- Allow little movement. EX- pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks.
Diarthroses- freely movable. EX- hip, knee, shoulder, elbow.

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10
Q

repair of bone

A

Reactive Phase- early inflammatory phase
Reparative Phase- includes formation of fibrocartilaginous callus first & a bony callus second
Bone Remodeling Phase- last step as the bony callus is remodeled.

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11
Q

4 types of bone cells

A

Osteoprogenitor- bone stem cells able to differentiate into the other types of cells
Osteoblasts- bone building cells that secrete matrix
Osteocytes- mature bone cells
Osteoclasts- remodel bones & cause them to release calcium

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12
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface

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13
Q

head

A

usually rounded articular process supported on a neck

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14
Q

crest

A

prominate ridge or elongated process

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15
Q

calcitonin

A

removes calcium from the blood stream when blood calcium is high & stores it in the bones

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16
Q

endochondral ossification

A

Replaces cartilage with bone in the developing embryo & fetus.
Also occurs in epiphyseal plates of long bones as they grow in length.

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17
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

Mucus membrane lines cavities in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid & ethmoid bones
Used for resonating chambers to enhance voice
Increases surface area of nasal mucosa & help moisten it.

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18
Q

fontanels

A

Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones present at birth.
They close up beginning at 6 months-2 years

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19
Q

periosteum

A

connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis

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20
Q

spongy bone

A

lightweight and provides tissue support

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21
Q

sutural bones/sutures

A

Small extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones/
Jointed areas where flat bones come together

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22
Q

synovial joints

A

Have a synovial cavity

Have a large range of movement

23
Q

bone forming situations

A

Embryonic and fetal development
When bones grow before adulthood
When bones remodel
When bones heal

24
Q

axial skeleton

A 
80 bones
Skull bones
Auditory ossicles
Hyoid bones
Ribs
Sternum 
Bones of the vertebral column
25
Q

processes

A

Projections of outgrowths that form joints

Serve as attachment points for ligaments & tendons

26
Q

types of bones

A

Long- greater length than width. EX-Humerus, Femur
Short- cube shaped, length & width are equal. EX-carpals
Flat- thin layers of parallel plates. EX- sternum
Irregular- complex shapes. EX- vertebra
Sesamoid- Shaped like a sesame seed. EX- knee cap

27
Q

epichondyle

A

usually roughened projection on a chondyle

28
Q

line

A

long, narrow ridge or border

29
Q

spinous process

A

sharp, slender projection

30
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

Types- synchondroses, symphyses
Lack a synovial cavity
Permit little or no movement

31
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves

32
Q

foramen

A

hole for passage of blood vessel, nerve, or ligaments

33
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression

34
Q

pelvic girdle

A

Made up of coal bones
Illium (wider in females)
Ischium
Pubis

35
Q

types of joints

A

Fibrous- immovable
cartilaginous- slightly movable, hyaline cartilage connection
synovial- freely movable

36
Q

nutrient artery

A

enter the center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen. nutrient veins exit via the same canal

37
Q

trochanter

A

very large projection found only in the femur

38
Q

tubercle

A

variably sized rounded projection

39
Q

tuberosity

A

variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface

40
Q

compact bone

A

good at providing protection and support

41
Q

curve related pathologies of spine

A

Scoliosis- increased lateral curvature
Kyphosis- increased thoracic curve bent forward
Lordosis- increased lumbar curve bent backwards

42
Q

depressions & openings

A

Allow the passage of soft tissues

Form joints

43
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones
Bones of the upper & lower extremities
Bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

44
Q

diaphysis

A

bone shaft

45
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone

46
Q

carpal bones

A

Palmar Side Up
Proximal- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Distal- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hammate

47
Q

metaphysis

A

region between diaphysis & epiphysis

48
Q

tarsal bones

A 
Talus
Calcaneus 
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
49
Q

joint point of contacts

A

Two or more bones
Cartilage & bone
Teeth & bone

50
Q

periosteal arteries

A

accompanied by nerves. enter the diaphysis through volkmann’s canal. accompanied by periosteal veins.

51
Q

bursae

A

sac like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another

52
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane lining the medullary cavity

53
Q

arthroplasty

A

joint replacement surgery

A&P 1 Final (1 decks)

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