A & P Unit 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term anatomy.

A

It studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

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2
Q

Define the term physiology.

A

Concerns the function of the body; how body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

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3
Q

What is gross (macroscopic) anatomy? Give 3 examples of gross anatomy.

A

The study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye, like the heart, kidneys, and lungs

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4
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

Structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time (muscles, bones, blood vessels, and nerves)

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5
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Body structures that are studied system by system.

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6
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface (ex: identifying bulging muscles underneath a body builder’s skin)

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7
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

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8
Q

Name two subdivisions of microscopic anatomy.

A

1) Cytology- cells of the body
2) Histology- the study of tissues

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9
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

It traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

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10
Q

Name a subdivision of developmental anatomy.

A

Embryology- concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

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11
Q

True or False. Anatomical terminology is used so that people can name its parts and describe how they are related so that other people will have no trouble understanding you.

A

True

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12
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of physiology? Describe what each subdivision does.

A

1) Renal Physiology: concerns kidney function and urine production
2) Neurophysiology: explains the workings of the nervous system
3) Cardiovascular Physiology: examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

True or False. Physiology often focuses on events at the cellular or molecular level.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the quote for the Complementarity of Structure?

A

“Function always reflects structure”

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15
Q

List the structural levels of the human body (in order).

A

1) Chemical Level –> Cellular Level –> Tissue Level –> Organ Level –> Organ System –> Organismal Level

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16
Q

What is the simplest level of the structural hierarchy? (hint: atoms combine to form molecules, like water and proteins)

A

Chemical level

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17
Q

What level contains the smallest unit of living things?

A

Cellular level

18
Q

What level contains groups of similar cells that have a common function (tissues)?

A

Tissue level

19
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types? (Hint: “Every Man Can Nag”)

A

1) Epithelial Tissue
2) Muscular Tissue
3) Connective Tissue
4) Nervous Tissue

20
Q

At what level does extremely complex functions become possible?

A

Organ level

21
Q

At what level does organs work together to accomplish a common purpose?

A

Organ system level

22
Q

What is the highest level of organization? (hint: human beings)

A

Organismal level

23
Q

What does a highly organized human do?

A

1) Maintain boundaries
2) Movement
3) Responsiveness/Excitability
4) Digestion
5) Metabolism
6) Excretion
7) Reproduce
8) Grow

24
Q

True or false. Maintaining boundaries occurs when humans’ internal environment remains distinct from the external environment.

A

True

25
Q

Name the 2 subdivisions of movement.

A

1) Skeletal System
2) Contractility

26
Q

True or False. Responsiveness or Excitability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

A

True

27
Q

What is the process of breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood called?

A

Digestion

28
Q

What are chemical reactions that occur within the body cells called? (Hint: “it is a state of change”)

A

Metabolism

29
Q

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

A

Catabolism- breaks down substances into simpler building blocks
Anabolism- synthesizes more complex substances from simpler building blocks

30
Q

What is the process of removing wastes from the body called?

A

Excretion

31
Q

What levels do reproduction occur at?

A

Cellular and Organismal Level

32
Q

True or False. Growth is a decrease in the size of a body part of organism as a whole

A

False.
Growth is an INCREASE in the size of a body part or organism as a whole

33
Q

What is the ultimate goal of the body systems?

A

To maintain life via survival needs

34
Q

List the survival needs of the human body.

A

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, and Appropriate atmospheric pressure

35
Q

What percentage of the air we breathe is oxygen?

A

20%

36
Q

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

A

Water

37
Q

What is the rate at which normal body temperature should be maintained?

A

37 degrees Celsius/ 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

38
Q

How is homeostasis maintained? A) Positive Feedback or B) Negative Feedback

A

B) Negative Feedback

39
Q

True or False. Homeostasis is the ability to maintain relatively stable conditions even though the outside world changes continuosly.

A

True

40
Q

What is the term for a factor or event being regulated?

A

Variable

41
Q

List all of the components of the Homeostatic Control Center

A

Stimulus –> Receptor –> Input sent along Afferent pathway –> Control Center –> Receives output along the Efferent pathway –> Effector –> Response = B A L A N C E

42
Q
A