A & P Unit 1 basics

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structures of the body

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of how the structures within the body move and function

Question 3

9 biological levels of organization

Answer 3

1. atoms
2. molecules
3. macro-molecules
4. organelles
5. cells
6. tissues
7. organs
8. organ systems
9. organism

Question 4

examples of atoms

Answer 4

C, H, O, N

Question 5

examples of molecules

Answer 5

CH4, H20, H2, O2

Question 6

examples of macro-molecules

Answer 6

sugars and fats

Question 7

examples organelles

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

examples of cells

Answer 8

red blood cells

Question 9

examples of tissues

Answer 9

muscles

Question 10

what is the smallest unit of matter

Answer 10

atoms

Question 11

7 functions of living organisms

Answer 11

1. movement
2. sensitivity
3. respiration
4. nutrition
5. growth
6. reproduction
7. excretion

Question 12

movement

Answer 12

organisms can move without influence

Question 13

sensitivity

Answer 13

organism can respond to surroundings (senses)

Question 14

respiration

Answer 14

organism can take oxygen into cells to then remove carbon dioxide out of the cells and the body

Question 15

nutrition

Answer 15

light, carbon dioxide, water (plants) ; food to be able to break down (humans)

Question 16

growth

Answer 16

organisms ability to go through mitosis; maturity

Question 17

reproduction

Answer 17

organism’s cells go through mitosis; sexual reproduction

Question 18

excretion

Answer 18

movement of waste products

Question 19

anatomical position

Answer 19

-body is erect
-feet parallel and slightly apart
-face forward
-eyes open
-mouth closed
-hands facing anterior

Question 20

negative feedback

Answer 20

-reverses what ever the original stimulus is
-protects you from getting injured and preserves balance
-ex. blood sugar control

Question 21

positive feedback

Answer 21

-the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
-ex. lactation or labor and delivery

Question 22

X-Ray

Answer 22

-radiograph
-shadowy negative imaging of internal structures produced bu directing electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength of the body
-used to see hard, bony structures or dense structures like tumors

Question 23

CT scan

Answer 23

-shows cross sectional pictures of the body region scanned
-used to evaluate brain and abdominal problems without the need of exploratory surgeries

Question 24

PET scan

Answer 24

-uses radio active isotope
-provides insight into brain activity in people affected by mental illness
-ex. Alzheimer’s disease

Question 25

ultrasound

Answer 25

-high frequency sound waves that go through the tissues without harming them, and the echos are recorded
-shows visual images of body organs
-can evaluate the fetus during pregnancy

Question 26

MRI

Answer 26

-Dense structures do not show
-used to evaluate soft tissue, the brain, inter vertebral pads, and cartilage

Question 27

fMRI

Answer 27

-follows blood flow in the brain in real time
-used to diagnose brain diseases
-can;t be used in the presence of metal, pacemakers and tooth fillings