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A&P Texas Wes > A&P Test 1- Trivial Shit > Flashcards

A&P Test 1- Trivial Shit Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for EF

A

EF = SV/EDV

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2
Q

Maximal Plateau Levels of CO curve

Normal:
Athlete:

A

Normal 13L/min
Athlete: 25L/min

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3
Q

What resting membrane potential level triggers an AP in SA nodal tissue?

A

-40mV

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4
Q

Vascular Resistance Formula

A

Pressure Gradient / Blood flow

Pressure gradient = difference between the arteriole and capillary pressures (example).

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5
Q

Renal Blood flow Formula

A

Plasma Flow / Hct

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6
Q

Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance Formula

A

TPVR= (Arterial Pressure - RAP) / CO

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7
Q

Formula for resistance to venous return

A

Psf- RAP/CO

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8
Q

Fick Equation

A

VO2/ pulm arteriovenous difference

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9
Q

CO reserve formula

A

COmax- COrest

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10
Q

HyperThyroid disease

A

Graves

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11
Q

HypoThyroid Disease

A

Hashimoto’s

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12
Q

Flow formula

A

Q (flow) = delta P/ resistance

example
Q = 1/ .68 => 1.47 or 47% increase

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13
Q

Change in Resistance Formula

A

1(before)/ r^4 (after)

example vessel with a 10% increase in diameter. Change in resistance

1/1.1^4 => 0.68 so a 32% decrease in resistance

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14
Q

Compartments Fluid

A

TBW = 60% body weight
ICF = 2/3 of TBW
ECF (interstitial + plasma) = 1/3 of TBW

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15
Q

If doing pressure gradient across a valve, how to find resistance to flow.

A

Example. LV pressure = (systolic/diastolic) = 150/2 mmHg
LAP = 50/32 mmHg
CO= 3L/min

considering mitral stenosis (diastolic) we would need the diastolic difference of the valves / CO..

(32-2)/ 3L/min => 10 mmHg/L/min = resistance to flow

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16
Q

Total Peripheral Resistance

A

Mean Arterial Pressure = CO X TPR

If CO is increased for example the mean arterial pressure could stay the same if the TPR is reduced.. (this is often the case)

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17
Q

Pulse Pressure formula

A

Pulse P = SV/ arterial compliance

Arterial does not happen rapidly

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18
Q

MAP formula

A

MAP = Pd + (Ps - Pd)/3

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19
Q

SV factors

A

SV = arterial compliance X pulse pressure

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20
Q

Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure

A

it’s a from a combination of your CO and TPVR

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21
Q

SV formula

A

CO/HR

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22
Q

Compliance Formula

A

Change in Volume / Change in Pressure

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23
Q

Figure MAP for normal BP would be

A

93mmHg but for our class it’s 100mmHg

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24
Q

Aorta pressure range

A

80-120mmHg

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25
Aorta cross-sectional area
2.5cm^2
26
Capillaries cross-sectional area
2500cm^2
27
Pulmonary Vascular resistance vs Systemic
PRV 1/7th the SVR pulm circuit approx 1 foot.
28
Normal Cap Pressures
30mmHg Arteriolar And 10mmHg Venus for the blood Pressures.. Mean hydrostatic P 17, 28 colloid osmotic , -3 interstitial fluid pressure and 8 interstitial colloid P
29
Pressure add to foot from gravity 1.5m
+90mmHg for each 1.36cm under the heart = P of 1mmHg
30
Isogravimetric point
Middle of the tricuspid
31
Additional pressure when measuring at arm sitting up
+7mmHg
32
Conductance
1/resistance
33
Vascular Compliance
increase in volume/ increase in P
34
Vascular distensibility
increase in volume/ increase in P X original volume
35
Average veinous P
10mmHg
36
Arterial Volume
700mL And P is 100mmHg
37
Pulmonary Pulse Pressure
25/8 (systolic/diastolic)
38
Mean Pulm Artery P
16mmHg 1/7th MAP
39
% of Blood in veins
84%
40
Normal HCT
0.4
41
% of blood in heart
7% of 5L 350cc
42
% of blood in pulm circulation
9% 450cc
43
% of blood in large arteries
13%
44
% of blood in Venules, veins , sinuses
64% 3200mL
45
Carotid Baroreceptors
Afferent signal 1st Herring's nerve, 2nd glossopharyngeal (9) -> vasomotor 100mmHg setpoint
46
Aorta Baroreceptor
Vagus nerve -> Vasomotor 130-150mmHg setpoint
47
Atrial stretch
low pressure increase CO 10-15% internal pathway
48
Bainbridge relex
Vagal stimulation of SA and AV- afferent increase CO by 50-60% external
49
How Much does BP increase if clamp both carotids
50-60mmHg
50
Atrial Kick Volume
10cc
51
CI
CO/body surface m2 70Kg male body surface 1.7m2 IC is 3L/min/m2
52
Artery specific vasodialator
hydralazine
52
Congential aorta
1-2% population normally right and left cusp or right and posterior
53
Coronary Blood Flow
70ml/min/100grams muscle 225ml/min
54
oxygen content
20mL O2/ dL
55
Guyton SVR formula
MAP – RAP / CO. 100 - 0 mmHg/ 100mL/sec (rounded if was 6L/min).. The result of all this is 1 PRU (Peripheral resistance Unit) or mmHg/mL/sec
56
Guyton PVR formula
16 (mean pulmonary arterial pressure) – 2 (LAP) / 100mL/sec (CO) 0.14 PRU …. if multiplied by 7 very close to 1..
57
Miller SVR formula
MAP - CVP/ CO X 80 (100-0 )/5L/min = 20 mmHg/L/min X 80 => 1600 mmHg/L/min or CGS units centimeters gram second- or dynes x sec / cm^5
58
Convert PRU to CGS
multiply PRU x 1333
58
Miller PVR formula
MPAP - PAWP / CO x 80 MPAP (16) – 10 (PAWP- estimate of pulmonary cap pressure which is substantially higher that LAP) / 5L/min (CO) X 80 (16-10)/5 X 80 => 96CGS underestimation Guyton => 0.14PRU X 1333 = 186 CGS units
58
Normal PAWP
10mmHg
58
SVR #s
normal is 1200 GCS units (dynes X secs/ cm5) range 800- 1600
58
PVR #s
normal 80 GCS range 40-180
59
Mixed Venous Oxygen Content
15mL/dL
60
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference
5mL
61
Oxygen Consumption
5L/min = 50dL/min so CO = 5L/min 5 x 50 = 250mL
62
HR without parasympathetic tone (atropine) With no SNS
110bpm 60bpm sympathetic tone from c-spine down to T-2
63
S1 and S2 duration
0.14sec- AV 0.11sec- Semilunar
64
3rd heart sound
.. If the heart is not accommodating with volume (not stretchy), the Ventricular walls can vibrate, sets off the cartilaginous ring.. Most likely time is when the heart is getting pretty full.. Typically, at the begging of the 2nd 3rd of diastole.. 1/3 into diastole
65
4th heart sound
typically happens when the atria contact. Last 3rd during filling.. Someone who is sick who is reliant of atrial kick to fill ventricle.. Typically, Only about 10% of the diastolic volume.. Should not hear atrial kick (4th heart sound) in a health adult can be out of normal hearing range
66
Normal Hearing Range
20Hz-20kHz
67
Right Coronary Dominance of PDA
85%
68
Heart Adenosine production
2% every 30min
69
Thyroid blood flow
5x mass
70
Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
Left lower under aortic arch Right higher under brachiocephalic
71
Treatment for hyperthyroidism
PTU- propyl thiouracil-> inhibits peroxidase high dose of Iodine I-131
72
Iodide trapping
30x increase in cellular concentration gradient
73
Peroxidase enzyme
H2O2 makes peroxide Oxidizes I-, makes positive
74
CV transport protein of T3 and T4
TBG - thyroxine binding globulin
75
Decompensated shock blood loss
40%- CNS ischemic response or 45mmHg MAP
76
Fluid shifts
70Kg male, TBW of 42L 28L intracellular.. 14L interstitial – 3L plasma, still have a lot of interstitial fluid to shift in CV.. ¼ to 1/5 plasma to interstitial fluid ratio.. Still follows this ratio..
77
Normal cardiac reserve
400% maximal plateau was 23L/min
78
Pulse Pressure Variation
Higher the preload, the lower PPV If sytolic pulse pressure variation drops by 10% or more during inspiration, hypovolemic

A&P Texas Wes (8 decks)

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