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A&P Texas Wes > A&P Test 1- Trivial Shit > Flashcards

A&P Test 1- Trivial Shit Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for EF

A

EF = SV/EDV

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2
Q

Maximal Plateau Levels of CO curve

Normal:
Athlete:

A

Normal 13L/min
Athlete: 25L/min

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3
Q

What resting membrane potential level triggers an AP in SA nodal tissue?

A

-40mV

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4
Q

Vascular Resistance Formula

A

Pressure Gradient / Blood flow

Pressure gradient = difference between the arteriole and capillary pressures (example).

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5
Q

Renal Blood flow Formula

A

Plasma Flow / Hct

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6
Q

Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance Formula

A

TPVR= (Arterial Pressure - RAP) / CO

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7
Q

Formula for resistance to venous return

A

Psf- RAP/CO

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8
Q

Fick Equation

A

VO2/ pulm arteriovenous difference

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9
Q

CO reserve formula

A

COmax- COrest

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10
Q

HyperThyroid disease

A

Graves

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11
Q

HypoThyroid Disease

A

Hashimoto’s

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12
Q

Flow formula

A

Q (flow) = delta P/ resistance

example
Q = 1/ .68 => 1.47 or 47% increase

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13
Q

Change in Resistance Formula

A

1(before)/ r^4 (after)

example vessel with a 10% increase in diameter. Change in resistance

1/1.1^4 => 0.68 so a 32% decrease in resistance

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14
Q

Compartments Fluid

A

TBW = 60% body weight
ICF = 2/3 of TBW
ECF (interstitial + plasma) = 1/3 of TBW

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15
Q

If doing pressure gradient across a valve, how to find resistance to flow.

A

Example. LV pressure = (systolic/diastolic) = 150/2 mmHg
LAP = 50/32 mmHg
CO= 3L/min

considering mitral stenosis (diastolic) we would need the diastolic difference of the valves / CO..

(32-2)/ 3L/min => 10 mmHg/L/min = resistance to flow

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16
Q

Total Peripheral Resistance

A

Mean Arterial Pressure = CO X TPR

If CO is increased for example the mean arterial pressure could stay the same if the TPR is reduced.. (this is often the case)

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17
Q

Pulse Pressure formula

A

Pulse P = SV/ arterial compliance

Arterial does not happen rapidly

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18
Q

MAP formula

A

MAP = Pd + (Ps - Pd)/3

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19
Q

SV factors

A

SV = arterial compliance X pulse pressure

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20
Q

Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure

A

it’s a from a combination of your CO and TPVR

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21
Q

SV formula

A

CO/HR

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22
Q

Compliance Formula

A

Change in Volume / Change in Pressure

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23
Q

Figure MAP for normal BP would be

A

93mmHg but for our class it’s 100mmHg

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24
Q

Aorta pressure range

A

80-120mmHg

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25
Q

Aorta cross-sectional area

A

2.5cm^2

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26
Q

Capillaries cross-sectional area

A

2500cm^2

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27
Q

Pulmonary Vascular resistance vs Systemic

A

PRV 1/7th the SVR

pulm circuit approx 1 foot.

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28
Q

Normal Cap Pressures

A

30mmHg Arteriolar And 10mmHg Venus for the blood Pressures..
Mean hydrostatic P 17,
28 colloid osmotic ,
-3 interstitial fluid pressure
and 8 interstitial colloid P

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29
Q

Pressure add to foot from gravity 1.5m

A

+90mmHg

for each 1.36cm under the heart = P of 1mmHg

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30
Q

Isogravimetric point

A

Middle of the tricuspid

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31
Q

Additional pressure when measuring at arm sitting up

A

+7mmHg

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32
Q

Conductance

A

1/resistance

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33
Q

Vascular Compliance

A

increase in volume/ increase in P

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34
Q

Vascular distensibility

A

increase in volume/ increase in P X original volume

35
Q

Average veinous P

36
Q

Arterial Volume

A

700mL
And P is 100mmHg

37
Q

Pulmonary Pulse Pressure

A

25/8 (systolic/diastolic)

38
Q

Mean Pulm Artery P

A

16mmHg

1/7th MAP

39
Q

% of Blood in veins

40
Q

Normal HCT

41
Q

% of blood in heart

A

7% of 5L

350cc

42
Q

% of blood in pulm circulation

43
Q

% of blood in large arteries

44
Q

% of blood in Venules, veins , sinuses

A

64%

3200mL

45
Q

Carotid Baroreceptors

A

Afferent signal
1st Herring’s nerve, 2nd glossopharyngeal (9) -> vasomotor

100mmHg setpoint

46
Q

Aorta Baroreceptor

A

Vagus nerve -> Vasomotor

130-150mmHg setpoint

47
Q

Atrial stretch

A

low pressure
increase CO 10-15%
internal pathway

48
Q

Bainbridge relex

A

Vagal stimulation of SA and AV- afferent
increase CO by 50-60%
external

49
Q

How Much does BP increase if clamp both carotids

50
Q

Atrial Kick Volume

51
Q

CI

A

CO/body surface m2

70Kg male body surface 1.7m2
IC is 3L/min/m2

52
Q

Artery specific vasodialator

A

hydralazine

52
Q

Congential aorta

A

1-2% population
normally right and left cusp or right and posterior

53
Q

Coronary Blood Flow

A

70ml/min/100grams muscle
225ml/min

54
Q

oxygen content

A

20mL O2/ dL

55
Q

Guyton SVR formula

A

MAP – RAP / CO.

100 - 0 mmHg/ 100mL/sec (rounded if was 6L/min)..

The result of all this is 1 PRU (Peripheral resistance Unit) or mmHg/mL/sec

56
Q

Guyton PVR formula

A

16 (mean pulmonary arterial pressure) – 2 (LAP) / 100mL/sec (CO)

0.14 PRU …. if multiplied by 7 very close to 1..

57
Q

Miller SVR formula

A

MAP - CVP/ CO X 80

(100-0 )/5L/min = 20 mmHg/L/min X 80 => 1600 mmHg/L/min or CGS units

centimeters gram second- or dynes x sec / cm^5

58
Q

Convert PRU to CGS

A

multiply PRU x 1333

58
Q

Miller PVR formula

A

MPAP - PAWP / CO x 80

MPAP (16) – 10 (PAWP- estimate of pulmonary cap pressure which is substantially higher that LAP) / 5L/min (CO) X 80

(16-10)/5 X 80 => 96CGS

underestimation

Guyton => 0.14PRU X 1333 = 186 CGS units

58
Q

Normal PAWP

58
Q

SVR #s

A

normal is 1200 GCS units (dynes X secs/ cm5)

range 800- 1600

58
Q

PVR #s

A

normal 80 GCS
range 40-180

59
Q

Mixed Venous Oxygen Content

60
Q

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

61
Q

Oxygen Consumption

A

5L/min = 50dL/min so CO = 5L/min

5 x 50 = 250mL

62
Q

HR without parasympathetic tone (atropine)

With no SNS

A

110bpm

60bpm

sympathetic tone from c-spine down to T-2

63
Q

S1 and S2 duration

A

0.14sec- AV
0.11sec- Semilunar

64
Q

3rd heart sound

A

.. If the heart is not accommodating with volume (not stretchy), the Ventricular walls can vibrate, sets off the cartilaginous ring.. Most likely time is when the heart is getting pretty full.. Typically, at the begging of the 2nd 3rd of diastole.. 1/3 into diastole

65
Q

4th heart sound

A

typically happens when the atria contact. Last 3rd during filling.. Someone who is sick who is reliant of atrial kick to fill ventricle.. Typically, Only about 10% of the diastolic volume.. Should not hear atrial kick (4th heart sound) in a health adult

can be out of normal hearing range

66
Q

Normal Hearing Range

A

20Hz-20kHz

67
Q

Right Coronary Dominance of PDA

68
Q

Heart Adenosine production

A

2% every 30min

69
Q

Thyroid blood flow

70
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

A

Left lower under aortic arch
Right higher under brachiocephalic

71
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism

A

PTU- propyl thiouracil-> inhibits peroxidase
high dose of Iodine
I-131

72
Q

Iodide trapping

A

30x increase in cellular concentration gradient

73
Q

Peroxidase enzyme

A

H2O2

makes peroxide
Oxidizes I-, makes positive

74
Q

CV transport protein of T3 and T4

A

TBG - thyroxine binding globulin

75
Q

Decompensated shock blood loss

A

40%- CNS ischemic response
or 45mmHg MAP

76
Q

Fluid shifts

A

70Kg male, TBW of 42L
28L intracellular.. 14L interstitial –
3L plasma, still have a lot of interstitial fluid to shift in CV.. ¼ to 1/5 plasma to interstitial fluid ratio.. Still follows this ratio..

77
Q

Normal cardiac reserve

A

400%

maximal plateau was 23L/min

78
Q

Pulse Pressure Variation

A

Higher the preload, the lower PPV
If sytolic pulse pressure variation drops by 10% or more during inspiration, hypovolemic

A&P Texas Wes (8 decks)

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