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Skin Layers > A&P Skin > Flashcards

A&P Skin Flashcards

1
Q

List the major structures of the integumentary system

A

Skin, Hair, Nails, Glands

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2
Q

Skin

A

The outer covering of the body

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3
Q

Hair

A

Filaments that grow from the skin surface

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4
Q

Nails

A

Protects plates on fingers and toes

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5
Q

Glands

A

Organs the secrete substances

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6
Q

Describe epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin
Composed of densely packed epithelial tissue
Made of 4 or 5 layers
Stratified squamous epithelium 5 zones
20-50 layers thick
Rapid cell division occurs in lower layers
Avascular
Cells die a the migrate towards surface

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7
Q

90% of epidermal cells produce

A

Keratin

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8
Q

Keratinocytes form

A

A water proof barrier

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9
Q

Keratin cells become what in upper layers

A

Thin and flat

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10
Q

Keratinocytes make cells

A

Touch scaly and water resistant

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11
Q

What determines skin color

A

Melanocytes
Amount and type of melanin
Determined by genetics
Carotene
Hemoglobin

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12
Q

Describe dermis

A

Gives strength and elasticity
Varies in thickness; palms and souled of feet are thicker

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13
Q

Two regions of the dermis

A

Papillary Layer & Reticular Layer

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14
Q

Collagen

A

A protein that gives toughness and hydration to the skin

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15
Q

Elastin

A

A fibrous glycoprotein that provides elasticity

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16
Q

Feature of the Papilary layer

A

Superficial layer borders epidermis
Projections called dermal papillae hold epidermis & dermis together
Capillary loops nourish epidermis
Pain receptors
Touch receptors
Top 20% of dermis
Consists of loose connective tissue with elastic fibers
Papillae form finger prints

17
Q

Features of the reticular layer of dermis

A

Blood vessels
Sweat & oil glands
Deep pressure receptors
Prevent bacteria from penetrating more deeply into the body
Bottom 80% of dermis
Consists of loose connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibers
Contains hair follicles

18
Q

What is elastin

A

A fibrous glycoprotein that provides elasticity

19
Q

Function of the hypodermis

A

Directly below dermis
Anchors skin to underlying muscles and connective tissue

20
Q

Adipose tissue stores

A

Fat

21
Q

Fact acts as

A

An energy store, insulating layer, shock absorber

22
Q

Major accessory organs of the skin

A

Sudoriferous
Sebaceous glands
Hair & hair follicles
Nails

23
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands
Eccrine and apocrine
Sweat reduces body temperature

24
Q

Eccrine

A

Is the most common and widely distributed Sudoriferous gland in the skin

25
Q

Function of sebaceous glands

A

Produces oil called sebum
Ducts that empty into hair follicles
Glands are active at puberty

26
Q

Hair

A

Grows from the root in the hair follicle
Consists of tightly pack keratinocytes
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
Protects skin from UV rays
Protection
Sensory perception

27
Q

Nails

A

Sheets of harden keratinocytes
Reinforce and protects distal ends of fingers and toes
Helps grasp pinch climb

28
Q

5 basic skin functions

A

Protection
Temp control
Excretion
Vitamin D production
Detection of stimuli

29
Q

How does skin help control body temperature

A

Higher body temp, Activating sweat glands
Increase blood flow in capillary beds

Lower body temp, reduce blood flow in capillary beds

30
Q

Arrector pill muscles

A

Muscle found in dermis
When cold contract to make hair stand up
Creates Goode bumps

31
Q

Composition of sweat

A

Mostly water
Salten
Vitamin C
Metabolic waste

32
Q

1st degree burns

A

Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen

33
Q

2nd degree burns

A

Epidermis and upper dermis is damaged
Skin is red w blisters

34
Q

3rd degree burns

A

Destroys entire skin layer
Burn is grey-white or black

35
Q

Ful of Nines

A

To examine the extent of burns
11 areas for quick examination
Areas represent 9%

36
Q

Basal Cell carcinoma

A

Least malignat
Most common
Arise from cells in stratum básale

37
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Second most common
Metastasize to lymph nodes
Early removal good change of cure

38
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Most deadly
Cancer of melanocytes
Metastasizes rapidly giving lymph and blood vessels

Skin Layers (1 decks)

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