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Level 2 Personal Training > A & P: Skeleton (1) > Flashcards

A & P: Skeleton (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of Irregular Bones (2)

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Calcaneus
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2
Q

Types of Cartilage (3)

A
  • Hyaline
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
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3
Q

Irregular Bones (2)

A
  • Complex shapes
  • Cannot be classified
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4
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Chest/Thorax

No, of Sternum & Description (6)

A
  • 1
  • Flat bone
  • Protects the heart and lungs
  • Forms an immovable joint
  • With the clavicle and upper 10 pairs of ribs
  • Forms the sternoclavicular joint (synovial saddle joint)
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5
Q

White Blood Cells Function (4)

A
  • To fight viruses, bacteria and infections
  • Which threaten human health
  • Originate in the bone marrow
  • But circulate throughout the bloodstream
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6
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Hands

No, of Phalanges & Description (4)

A
  • 28
  • Small but classified as long bones
  • Each finger has 3 phalangeal bones
  • Each thumb has 2 phalangeal bones
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms

No. of Humerus & Description (4)

A
  • 2
  • Long bone of the upper arm
  • Forms part of the elbow joint (with the radius and ulna) (hinge)
  • And shoulder/glenohumeral joint (with the scapula) (ball and socket)
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9
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvis

No, of Ischium & Description (6)

A
  • 2
  • Flat bone
  • Ischium is fused with the ilium and pubis
  • Together they form the hip bone
  • Also, together with the sacrum, they form a ring
  • Called the pelvic girdle.
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10
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Spine

No, of Sacral Vertebrae & Description (5)

A
  • 5
  • These bones fuse together to form the sacrum
  • Main function: to connect the spine to the hip bone
  • Together with the hip bone, they form a ring
  • Called the pelvic girdle.
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11
Q

What Cartilage is this?

- The cartilage tissue that forms the temporary skeleton of the foetus, which is eventually replaced by bone when calcium is deposited. It is found at the end of the long bones that meet to form synovial joints

A
  • Hyaline
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12
Q

Cartilage (3)

A
  • A dense, durable, tough fibrous connective tissue
  • That is able to withstand compression forces
  • 3 types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
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13
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

  • Shape (2)
  • Protection
  • Locomotion
  • Attachment
  • Storage
  • Production
A
  • The skeletal bones provide the framework
  • That give the body its basic shape
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14
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Hands

No, of Metacarpals & Description (4)

A
  • 10
  • Long bones
  • First metacarpal is the thumb
  • And the rest are in the palm
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15
Q

Sesamoid Bones (4)

A
  • Develop within particular tendons
  • At a site of considerable friction or tension
  • Serve to improve leverage
  • And protect the joint from damage
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16
Q

The skull protects ____________

The ribcage and sternum protect ____________

The vertebral column protects ____________

The pelvic girdle protects _____________

A
  • Brain
  • Heart and Lungs
  • Spinal Cord
  • Internal Reproductive organs
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17
Q

Examples of Flat Bones (5)

A
  • Scapula
  • Cranial Bones
  • Costals (ribs)
  • Sternum
  • Ilium
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18
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvis

No, of Ilium & Description (6)

A
  • 2
  • Flat bone
  • Ilium is fused with the ischium and pubis
  • Together they form the hip bone
  • Also, together with the sacrum, they form a ring
  • Called the pelvic girdle.
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19
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Shoulders

No, of Clavicle & Description (5)

A
  • 2
  • Long bone
  • Acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place
  • So that the arm can hang freely
  • Forms the sternoclavicular joint (synovial saddle joint)
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20
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvis

No. of Pubis & Description (6)

A
  • 2
  • Flat bone
  • Pubis is fused with the ilium and ischium
  • Together they form the hip bone
  • Also, together with the sacrum, they form a ring
  • Called the pelvic girdle.
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21
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs

No, of Patella & Description (3)

A
  • 2
  • Sesamoid bone
  • Forms part of the knee joint (with the femur and tibia) (synovial hinge joint)
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22
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs

No, of Fibula & Description (3)

A
  • 2
  • The thinner bone of the lower leg
  • Forms part of the ankle/talocrural joint (with the tibia and talus) (synovial hinge joint)
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23
Q
A
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24
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Spine

No, of Coccygeal Vertebrae & Description (3)

A
  • 4
  • Fused Bones
  • At the bottom of the vertebral column
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25
Q

Platelets Function (3)

A
  • Tiny blood cells
  • That originate in bone marrow
  • That help your body form clots to stop bleeding
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26
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Hands

No, of Carpals & Description (3)

A
  • 16
  • 2 rows of 4 short bones
  • That connect the hand to the forearm
27
Q
A
28
Q

Classifications of Bones (5)

A
  • Long Bones
  • Short Bones
  • Flat Bones
  • Irregular Bones
  • Sesamoid (‘Seed Like’)
29
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Skull

No. of Cranial Bones (3)

A
  • 8
  • Flat bones (e.g. frontal bone)
  • And irregular bones (e.g. ethmoid bone)
30
Q

Axial Skeleton (3)

A
  • Consists of the spine, ribs and skull
  • Supports and protects the brain, the spinal cord
  • And many of the internal organs
31
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

  • Shape
  • Protection
  • Locomotion
  • Attachment
  • Storage

- Production (2)

A
  • Some bones produce red and white blood cells and platelets
  • From their bone marrow
32
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Shoulders

No. of Scapulae & Description (4)

A
  • 2
  • The flat bone
  • That connects the humerus with the clavicle
  • Forms part of the shoulder/glenohumeral joint (with the humerus) (ball and socket)
33
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms

No, of Radius & Description (3)

A
  • 2
  • Outer bone (long bone) of the forearm
  • Forms part of the elbow joint (with the humerus and ulna) (hinge)
34
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

  • Shape
  • Protection
  • Locomotion
  • Attachment
  • Storage (4)
  • Production
A
  • Bones store several minerals
  • Such as calcium and phosphorus
  • Essential for many functions
  • Including bone growth and development
35
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

  • Shape
  • Protection
  • Locomotion (3)
  • Attachment
  • Storage
  • Production
A
  • Long bones act as levers
  • That muscles pull on
  • To create movement at a joint
36
Q

Axial Skeleton:​ The Chest/Thorax

No, of Ribs (costals) & Description (7)

A
  • 12 pairs
  • All are attached at the back to the thoracic vertebrae
  • And are numbered from 1–12
  • According to the vertebrae to which they attach
  • The first 7 pairs attach to the sternum
  • The next 3 pairs have common cartilaginous attachment to the sternum
  • The last 2 pairs are floating
37
Q

What Cartilage is this?

- Thicker and stronger than the other forms of cartilage. Has limited distribution within the body. It forms various shapes according to its role. It acts like a shock absorber in cartilaginous joints.

A
  • Fibrocartilage
38
Q

Examples of Long Bones (7)

A
  • Humerus
  • Femur
  • Clavicle
  • Fibula / Tibula
  • Radius / Ulna
  • Metacarpals / Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
39
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Feet

No, of Tarsals & Description (4)

A
  • 14
  • Short bones
  • Inc the Talus
  • Talus forms part of the ankle/talocrural joint (with the tibia and fibula) (synovial hinge joint)
40
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Spine

No, of Lumbar Vertebrae & Description (4)

A
  • 5
  • These vertebrae carry all of the upper body’s weight
  • They also protect the delicate spinal cord and nerves
  • Within their vertebral canal
41
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Feet

No, of Phalanges & Description (4)

A
  • 28
  • Long bones
  • Each toe has 3 phalangeal bones
  • Each big toe has 2
42
Q

Bone (4)

A
  • Calcified connective tissue
  • That forms most of the adult skeleton
  • Connected via a series of different types of joint
  • 5 Types: Short, Long, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid
43
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms

No, of Ulna & Description (3)

A
  • 2
  • Long bone
  • Forms the elbow joint (with the radius and humerus) (hinge)
44
Q

Osteoclasts (1)

A
  • Cells that help eat away old bone
45
Q
A
46
Q

Long Bones (6)

A
  • Greater Length than Width
  • Principally act as Levers
  • Consist of a main shaft (Diaphysis)
  • With normally two extremities (Epiphysis)
  • Contain mostly compact bone in their diaphysis
  • Contain more cancellous bone in their Epiphysis
47
Q

Short Bones (4)

A
  • Similar Length and Width (cube-shaped)
  • Usually highly cancellous
  • Which gives them strength
  • With reduced weight
48
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Spine

No. of Cervical Vertebrae and Description (5)

A
  • 7
  • Including the Atlas and Axis bones
  • Which form the pivot joint
  • Which allows for turning of the head from side to side
  • Cervical V connects the head to the relatively immobile thoracic spine
49
Q

Examples of Short Bones (2)

A
  • Carpals
  • Tarsals
50
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs

No, of Femur & Description (4)

A
  • 2
  • The thigh bone (which is the longest in the body)
  • Forms part of the knee joint (with the tibia and patella) (synovial hinge joint)
  • Forms part of the hip joint (with the acetabulum) (synovial ball and socket joint)
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q

Examples of Sesamoid Bones (1)

A
  • Patella
56
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs

No, of Tibia & Description (4)

A
  • 2
  • The thicker, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg
  • Forms part of the knee joint (with the femur and patella) (synovial hinge joint)
  • Forms part of the ankle/talocrural joint (with the fibula and talus) (synovial hinge joint)
57
Q

Functions of the Skeleton (6)

A
  • Shape
  • Protection
  • Locomotion
  • Attachment
  • Storage
  • Production
58
Q

Red Blood Cells Function (4)

A
  • To transport oxygen
  • From the lungs to the tissues
  • Where it is used as a source of electrons and ATP synthesis
  • In the mitochondria
59
Q

Axial Skeleton: The Spine

No, of Thoracic Vertebrae & Description (3)

A
  • 12
  • Ribs are attached to each vertebrae
  • Limited ROM
60
Q

Appendicular Skeleton: Feet

No, of Metatarsals & Description (3)

A
  • 10
  • Long bones
  • First metatarsal is the big toe
61
Q

Flat Bones (4)

A
  • Thin layer of cancellous bone
  • Sandwiched between two plate-like layers of compact bone
  • Provide protection
  • And large areas for muscle attachment
62
Q

Osteoblasts (2)

A
  • Cells that help form bone
  • They come from the bone marrow
63
Q

What Cartilage is this?

- Similar to Hyaline Cartilage, but has more fibres and most of these are made up of elastin rather than collagen.

Has the ability to regain and return to its original shape.

It is found in the ear, the walls of the Eustachian tube and the epiglottis, which are all places that require a specific shape to be maintained

A
  • Elastic
64
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

  • Shape
  • Protection
  • Locomotion
  • Attachment (2)
  • Storage
  • Production
A
  • Various tissues attach to the skeleton
  • E.g. ligaments (B2B) and tendons (B2M)

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