A&P Semster One Final

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Helps keep blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removed carbon dioxide

Question 2

When in anatomical position, the feet are located where in relation to the knees?

Answer 2

Distal

Question 3

List the levels of organization in the human body, starting from the simplest to the most complex.

Answer 3

1) Chemical level 2) Cellular 3) Tissue 4) Organ Level 5) Organ System Level

Question 4

What are the regions that are associated with the arm?

Answer 4

Brachial, Anticubital, Carpal

Question 5

The lungs and heart are located in which body cavity?

Answer 5

Thoracic

Question 6

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 6

Protect deeper tissues in the body

Question 7

Osmosis transports water across membranes using what?

Answer 7

Aqua Porins

Question 8

Do passive processes require ATP in order to move substances across membranes?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?

Answer 9

Nervous tissue

Question 10

Define filtration.

Answer 10

The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane; high to low pressure

Question 11

List the correct order of the phases of mitosis.

Answer 11

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 12

What type of epithelial tissue is found in areas of friction and abuse?

Answer 12

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 13

What type of tissue are tendons composed of?

Answer 13

Dense regular connective tissues

Question 14

What is the first threat from a third-degree burn?

Answer 14

Dehydration

Question 15

List the correct order of layers of the epidermis of the epidermis beginning with the outermost layer.

Answer 15

Stratum Cornium, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spunosum, Stratum Basele

Question 16

What is keratin composed by?

Answer 16

Tough protein

Question 17

What is the secretion of sweat stimulated by?

Answer 17

High temperatures and hormones

Question 18

Define endocrine glands.

Answer 18

Secretes products directly into blood rather than through ducts

Question 19

What is one way the body warms it when cold?

Answer 19

Arrector pili muscles contract

Question 20

What are nails composed of?

Answer 20

Keratin (Tough protein)

Question 21

What are two main layers of the skin?

Answer 21

Dermis (Lower layer) and Epidermis (Upper Layer)

Question 22

Where are the dermal papillae located?

Answer 22

Upper layer of dermis and project upward into the epidermis

Question 23

What is the difference between amphiarthroses and synarthroses joints?

Answer 23

Amphiarthroses are slightly moveable

Synarthroses have no movement

Question 24

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

Answer 24

Head, Spine, Ribs, and Sternum

Question 25

List examples of long bones.

Answer 25

Femur, radius, ulna, phalanges, tibia, and fibula

Question 26

What is the functions of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 26

Growth lengthwise

Question 27

Where is articular cartilage found?

Answer 27

Head of the bone (End of bones) and it helps to reduce friction

Question 28

Define sarcomere.

Answer 28

The contractile unit between two Z-lines

Question 29

Why are calcium ions important for skeletal muscle contractions?

Answer 29

Allows ion heads of myosin filament to actin filament

Question 30

List the events that take place at the neuromuscular junction.

Answer 30

1) Action potential is sent down to axon
2) Action potential reaches axon terminal
3) Depolarization of axon terminal
4) Calcium ion channels open and calcium ions flow into axon terminal
5) ACh is released and diffuses across synaptic cleft
6) ACh “attach” to receptors on muscle cell
7) Chemical open and sodium ion flows in

Question 31

Define synaptic cleft.

Answer 31

Fluid filled area between axon terminal and muscle cell

Question 32

What do isometric contractions produce?

Answer 32

Producing a contraction, but does not move

Question 33

Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by what?

Answer 33

Axon terminal

Question 34

What is the main function of the quadriceps femoris group?

Answer 34

Knee extension

Question 35

What are the two muscles that help to close the jaw?

Answer 35

Masseter and temporalis

Question 36

What muscle disease results the degeneration and atrophy of muscles?

Answer 36

Muscle distrophy

Question 37

What muscle is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 37

Deltoid muscle