Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 280 > A&P Review > Flashcards

A&P Review Flashcards

1
Q

resting SP/DP

A

<120/ <80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Clinical Manifestations

A

signs/symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Complication

A

new process caused by disease changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic Disease

A

long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subclinical Stage

A

disease well established – normal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

early detection/screening/management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endemic Disease

A

locally born disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HRmax

A

207 – 0.7(age) bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epidemic

A

Endemic disease that spread to many indiv. at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stages of Disease (10)

A

Latent, incubation, prodromal, acute phase, subliminal stage, exacerbation, remission, convalescence, sequela/e, complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pandemic

A

Endemic disease that wide area – large percentage of popul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms

A

subjective – patient reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variables

A

influence occurrence/transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute Phase

A

full severity of manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homeostasis

A

Continuous change – equilibrium maintained - Notes: Fluid surrounds cell - Normal function = Maintain fluid envir. – narrow range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stimulus

A

cause – deviation of variable set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of Variables for Homeostasis

A

H2O (Volume/Osmol.) - Chemical Comp. (Ions) - Temp.

regulated – set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Latent Period

A

interval; exposure -> manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Receptor

A

detects stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 Factors of Pathophysiology

A

Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

resting HR

A

72 bpm (60-80)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sweat glands increasing sweat output

A

example of effector organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prodromal Period

A

1st signs/symptoms; indicates onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of Physiological Regulations

A

Intrinsic & Extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Epidemiology

A

patterns of disease in popul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Exacerbation

A

sudden increase of severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Intrinsic Regulation

A

originates inside organ/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Levels of Prevention (Treatment)

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pathogenesis

A

development of disease - process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

example of receptor - detects temp change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Types of Intrinsic Regulation

A

Cellular Self-Regulation, Gap Junctions, Local Chemical Regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Types of Extrinsic Regulation

A

Nervous & Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Acute Disease

A

severe manifestations – short term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Types of Epidemiology

A

Incidence rate, prevalence, endemic disease, epidemic, pandemic, variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

example of control center - controls temp, sleep, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Remission

A

decline of severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

[Ca O2 - CvO2] at rest

A

5 mL O2/100 mL blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Primary Prevention

A

reducing exposure & altering susceptibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Endocrine Regulation

A

Hormonal control - water excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

resting minute ventilation (VE)

A

6 L/min (5 -8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Negative Feedback

A

regulates variables – stimulus brings variable back 2 set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanisms

A

Receptor, Control Center, Effector Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Sequela/e

A

condition/s caused by disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Osmolar Solutions (Osm)

A

Osmolar unit [ ] – compares osmolar ability of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Incubation Period

A

infectious disease - interval; exposure -> manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Examples of Positive Feedback

A

Childbirth, Urination (fluid homeostasis), Entry of Sodium (Generates action potential – nerve participation), Blood-Clotting Mechanism (fluid homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Response

A

effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Disease Classifications

A

Acute & Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Metric System

A

Liter, gram, meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Prevalence & Equation

A

percentage affected - # of total cases / popul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Pathophysiology: Malfunction – Diseased – Disrupting homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Concentration of Solutions & Parameter Measurements

A

Percentage, Molar solutions, Osmolar solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Acid-Base Balance; its importance

A

normal function depends on maint. [H+] – narrow range (7-7.8)
without it, enzymes can’t operate – death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Incidence Rate

A

frequency of new cases / popul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Nervous Regulation

A

ANS control - HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

plasma osmolality

A

290 mOsm/kg H2O (275 - 295)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

mg% Measurement

A

Percentage [ ] in body: [ ] of human substances is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

resting cardiac output (CO)

A

5-7 L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Control Center

A

establishes set point – receives & integrates & conveys info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Molar Solutions (M) & Equation

A

1 mole = molecular / atomic weight of solute (grams)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

resting VT

A

500 mL/breath (400 - 1000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Examples of Variables

A

Age, ethnicity, sex, geographic, lifestyle/socioeconomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

One Osmolar Solution Equation

A

1 osmole / 1 L solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Etiology

A

Factors causing disease – genetics &; environ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Extrinsic Regulation

A

originates outside organ/tissue

70
Q

What happens to diffusion when the [ ] is equal on both sides?

A

when [ ] is uniform, net diff. ends, simple diff. continues

71
Q

Effector Organ

A

changes variable value – response

72
Q

What Determines Treatment?

A

indicated by etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifest.

73
Q

total cholesterol

A

150 - 240 mg/dL (< 200 is desired)

74
Q

Examples of Negative Feedback

A

Blood glucose, BP, temp, pH

75
Q

Ionization & How it changes osmolarity & molarity

A

if solute ionizes, omsolarity > molarity - Ex; NaCl

77
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A

Lipid (2 fatty acids & glycerol) + phosphate

79
Q

plasma K+

A

4 mEq/L (3.5 - 5.0)

80
Q

Percentage & Equation

A

of grams of solute / solvent volume (100 mL)

81
Q

Positive Feedback & Why it’s important

A

rare – stimulus exaggerates original stimulus

Notes: Sometimes an advantage (quickens process), sometimes limited - Part of negative feedback

81
Q

Body Fluid Compartments

A

ICF, ECF

82
Q

Convalescence

A

recovery after disease/injury/surgery

83
Q

Types of Active Transport

A

Primary AT & Secondary AT

84
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

H2O & solutes inside membrane

85
Q

mM Measurement

A

Molar [ ] in body: [ ] of human substances is low

86
Q

Allostasis

A

overall processes maintaining homeostasis

87
Q

Units of Measurement

A

Volume, mass, length

88
Q

Types of Endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis & Phagocytosis

89
Q

Types of ECF

A

Interstitial Fluid & Plasma

91
Q

Unhealthy Positive Feedback

A

vicious cycle – too much stimulus, Disease -> negative feedback failure -> vicious cycle = instability -> death

92
Q

Acid

A

releases H+ in water

93
Q

Physiology

A

Chemical/physical processes - changes during activity - life functions

94
Q

mOsm

A

Osmolar [ ] in body; [ ] of human substances is low

94
Q

Lipophilic & main examples of molecules that are

A

nonpolar – fat loving/water hating

Ex; O2, CO2, fatty acids

95
Q

Composition of ICF

A

Increased K+, Mg++, Pi (inorganic phosphate), Protein

96
Q

Net Diffusion & Direction of Diffusion

A

measureable movement; from > [ ] to < [ ]

98
Q

Physical Processes

A

Filtration, diffusion, and osmosis

99
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

uses ATP indirectly – energy from [gradi.]

100
Q

resting MAP

A

90 mmHg (70-110)

101
Q

One Molar Solution Equation

A

1 mole / 1 L

102
Q

Plasma

A

liquid part of blood

103
Q

Arterial O2 % saturation

A

97 % (95-98)

104
Q

Endocytosis

A

large molecules enter cell

106
Q

hemoglobin

A

15 g/dL (12-16 for females, 14-18 for males)

107
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

H2O & solutes outside membrane

108
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

continual random particle movement - liquid/gas

109
Q

Net Rate of Diffusion

A

proportional to [gradient]

110
Q

Triglycerides

A

< 150 mg/dL

111
Q

Osmosis

A

net diff. of solvent (water) through membrane - decreased [gradient]

112
Q

[Ca O2 - CvO2] during max exercise

A

15 mL O2/100 mL blood

113
Q

Blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

114
Q

RBC count

A

4 - 6 million/uL

115
Q

Buffer System

A

Decreases H+ changes – donates/combines with H+

116
Q

Carrier-Mediated Transport

A

uses energy to move molecule

118
Q

Composition of ECF

A

Increased Na+, free Ca++, Cl-, HCO3-, Glucose

119
Q

US Measurement System

A

Gallon, foot, cup, pound, inch, yard, ounce (mass), fluid ounce (vol.)

121
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

between cells

122
Q

Pa O2

A

100 mmHg (80 -105)

123
Q

normal GFR

A

120 mL/min/1.73 m2 (80 - 160)

124
Q

What increases the rate of diffusion?

A

Increased Lipid Solubility, Decreased Molecular Size, No Electrical Charge

125
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cell drinking – soluble molecules

126
Q

Parts/Structure of Plasma Membrane

A

surrounds cell & organelles – phospholipid & protein – non-covalent (ionic/hydrogen) bonds

127
Q

Types of Diffusion

A

Simple & Net Diffusion

127
Q

Which side has increased osmotic pressure?

A

The side with the greatest number of particles

128
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer Function - what it allows/inhibits & why it does

A

• inhibits polar, allows nonpolar & water

- because it is amphipathic

129
Q

Amphipathic

A

molec. has hydrophilic & lipophilic elements

130
Q

WBC count

A

4 - 11 thousand/uL

131
Q

Hydrophilic & which Part of the Phospholipid is Hydrophilic

A

polar/water loving – Ex; phosphate

133
Q

COmax

A

25 L/min (20-30)

134
Q

Types of Membrane Proteins

A

Peripheral/Extrinsic & Integral/Intrinsic Proteins

135
Q

Fick’s Law; Equation & what it influences

A

Moles per sec = {diffusion coefficient (cm2/sec) * membrane area (cm2) * concentration gradient (moles/mL)} / membrane thickness (cm)
—Influences net rate

136
Q

Base

A

combines with H+

137
Q

Flow Rate Formula

A

Flow rate = pressure difference / resistance to flow

138
Q

Cholesterol Location

A

inside bilayer

139
Q

Protein Channel & difference between this & Facilitated diffusion

A

pore through membrane – inside lined w/polar groups – allows water to fill channel – NO NEED to BIND to channel

141
Q

Types of Simple Diffusion

A

Membrane & Protein Channel (Pores)

142
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

force of water movement through membrane

143
Q

Primary Active Transport & examples

A

uses ATP directly

Ex; Na+, K+, & Ca++ Pumps

144
Q

Filtration

A

solution passes through membrane - removal of particles

145
Q

platelet count

A

150 - 400 thousand/uL

146
Q

Etiology Classifications

A

inherited, congenital, metabolic, degenerative, neoplastic, immunologic, infectious, physical agent-induced, nutritional deficiency, iatrogenic, psychogenic, idiopathic

147
Q

Signs

A

objective/identifiable

148
Q

Pa CO2

A

40 mmHg (35 - 45)

149
Q

Types of Secondary Active Transport

A

Countertransport (Antiport) & Cotransport (Symport)

149
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cell eating – particulate matter

149
Q

Exocytosis & what it releases

A

large mol. exit cell (secrete) – releases neurotrans. & enzymes

149
Q

Transcellular Transport

A

exchange between 2 ECF’s through epithelial cells

151
Q

Selectively Permeable Membrane & Example

A

allows/inhibits passage - specific

Ex: Glomerular filtration restricts blood cells/proteins

152
Q

Syndrome

A

collection – signs/symptoms occurring together

152
Q

Pressure Differential

A

driving force

153
Q

plasma creatinine

A

1.0 mg/dL (0.6 -1.3)

154
Q

Types of Carrier Mediated Transport

A

Facilitated diffusion, active transport

155
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

force stops osmosis: needs 2 be = to osm. pressure

156
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

rehabilitation

157
Q

Example of Unhealthy Positive Feedback; Blood Loss

A

acute blood loss -> inadequate delivery of blood to heart -> heart stops

158
Q

Diffusion Coefficient (D) & its 3 Factors; what does it influence

A

influences rate of diffusion; Lipid Solubility, Molecular Size, & Electrical Charge (Presence/Absence)

158
Q

Function of Membrane Proteins

A

Transporters/carriers, enzymes, receptors, channels, recognition, anchoring/structural support

159
Q

normal urine flow rate (V)

A

1 mL/min (0.5 - 1.5)

160
Q

Carbohydrate Chains/Glycolipids Location

A

outside bilayer

160
Q

hematocrit

A

40-50 (37-47 for females, 42-54 for males)

161
Q

resting P vO2

A

40 mmHg

161
Q

arterial pH

A

7.4 (7.35 - 7.45)

161
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

< 130 mg/dL

162
Q

plasma HCO3-

A

24 mEq/L (22 - 26 )

162
Q

plasma Na+

A

140 mEq/L (135 - 145)

162
Q

fasting glucose

A

80 mg/dL (70 - 100)

162
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

> 40 mg/dL

Nurs 280 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions