A&P part 1

Question 1

What is the nervous system?

Answer 1

A highly specialized system responsible for control and integration of the body’s activities

Question 2

What is the basic structure of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Divided into the CNS and PNS

Question 3

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 4

cranial/spinal nerves and the autonomic nervous system

Question 5

CNS ascending tract?

Answer 5

Carry sensory information from the periphery, muscles, and organs to the higher levels of the CNS

Question 6

CNS descending tract?

Answer 6

Carry impulses from the brain and result in voluntary muscle movement

Question 7

How many types of cells are in the nervous system and what are they called?

Answer 7

2

Neuron and neuroglia

Question 8

What is a neuron?

Answer 8

Primary functional unit of the nervous system.
They do not divide or replace themselves.
Some new neurons may generate from stem cells after a brain injury

Question 9

What are neuriglia cells?

Answer 9

They are more numerous and are supportive to the neuron.
They can replicate.
When neurons are destroyed, the tissue is replaced by neuroglia cells.

Question 10

What does a neuron consist of?

Answer 10

A cell body, axon, and several dendrites

Question 11

What is the cell body?

Answer 11

The metabolilc center of the neuron

Question 12

What are dendrites?

Answer 12

Short extensions from the body that receive and conduct nerve impulses

Question 13

What are axons?

Answer 13

Extend varying distances from the cell body and carry nerve impulses. They can be myelinated or unmyelinated.

Question 14

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 14

A white lipid substance that insulates and helps conduct the impulses.

Question 15

Neuroglia cells provide?

Answer 15

Support, nourishment, and protection to neurons. They make up almost half the brain and spinal cord.

Question 16

What are different types of neuroglia cells and what are their functions?

Answer 16

1) Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath for nerve fibers in the CNS and help make up the “white matter” of the brain

2) Schwann cells myelinate the nerve fibers in the periphery

3) Astrocytes provide structural support to neurons and form the blood brain barrier. They are found in the “gray matter” of the brain.

Question 17

What is a synapse?

Answer 17

Poijnt at which the nerve impulse jumps from one neuron to another

Question 18

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

A chemical agent involved in the transmission of an impulse across this junction

Question 19

Examples of neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Acetylchonines, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

Question 20

How are migraines diagnosed?

Answer 20

Two features: Unilateral head pain, throbbing pain, worsense with activity, moderate/severe pain.

And one of these features: N/V, photophobia, phonophobia

Question 21

What are classifications of migraines?

Answer 21

Aura present
Aura not present
Chronic

Question 22

What is considered to be chronic migraines?

Answer 22

15 days out of 1 month for 3 months

Question 23

What are risk factors?

Answer 23

Family Hx
Estrogen and proestrogen
Genetic and environmental factors

Question 24

What are some examples of triggers?

Answer 24

Fatigue, oversleeping, missed meals, overexertion, weather change, stress, hormonal changes, bright lights, strong smells

Question 25

Migraine Patho

Answer 25

Change in neurotransmitter levels in CNS. Blood vessel tone.

Question 26

What is the premonitory phase?

Answer 26

1/3 have fatigue, irritability, loss of concentration, stiff neck, food cravings

Question 27

What is the migraine aura phase?

Answer 27

Up to 1/3 have aura symptoms lasting up to 1 hour

Question 28

What is the headache phase?

Answer 28

Throbbing pain, fatigue, N/V, dizziness, hypersensitivity to touch on head. Lasts 4 to 72 hours

Question 29

What is the recovery phase?

Answer 29

Irritability, fatigue, or depression