A + P of Swallowing Flashcards
Oral Structures (12):
1) Lips
2) Teeth - 24 deciduous, 32 permanent
3) Maxilla (hard palate)
4) Velum (soft palate) – shared with oropharynx
5) Uvula
6) Mandible
7) Floor of mouth
8) Tongue (all but base (base = pharyngeal structure))
9) Faucial arches - anterior & posterior
10) Palatine tonsils
11) Sulci - anterior & lateral
12) Salivary glands – parotid (near the ear), submandibular (behind back teeth), sublingual (by tongue)
Oral Muscles:
1) Tongue Muscles (intrinsic and Extrinsic)
2) Roof of mouth (palatoglossus + palatopharyngeus)
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles (4):
1) Superior longitudinal
2) Inferior longitudinal
3) Transverse
4) Vertical
Purpose: alter shape
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles (4):
1) Genioglossus
2) Hyoglossus
3) Styloglossus
4) Palatoglossus
Purpose: protrude/retract, elevate/depress
Roof of Mouth Muscles (2):
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus (location and fnc):
– in anterior faucial arch; pulls velum down & forward against back of tongue
Palatopharyngeus (location and fnc):
– in posterior faucial arch; helps elevate & retract velum (VP closure)
Pharyngeal Structures (11):
1) Pterygoid plates on sphenoid bone (nasopharynx)
2) Velum (oropharynx)
3) Tongue base
4) Mandible
5) Hyoid bone
6) Pharynx! (pharyngeal walls)
7) Epiglottis
8) Thyroid cartilage
9) Cricoid cartilage
10) Vallecula (plural is valleculae)
11) Pyriform sinuses
Valleculae (location and fnc):
– 2 pockets around the epiglottis that help with premature spillage. If premature spillage happens, there “swimming pools” will fill up with the bolus and protect
Pharyngeal/laryngeal Muscles (3):
1) Suprahyoids/submentals
2) Infrahyoid – Thyrohyoid
3) Constrictors
Suprahyoids/submentals (3):
1) Mylohyoids
2) Geniohyoids
3) Digastrics (anterior belly)
Infrahyoid -
Thyrohyoid
Contrictors:
Superior, Middle, Inferior > posterior & lateral walls
Cricopharyngeus (CP)*
Cricopharyngeus (CP) (Location and fnc):
– inferior constrictor fibers attached to cricoid lamina; prevents air from entering esophagus, reduces backflow
* Tonic at rest (when awake); divides pharynx and esophagus)
How are sphincter muscles different from regular muscles?
Sphincter Muscles are opposite of regular muscles in that they expand when they contract. Regular muscles shorten when they contract.
Sphincter Muscles are round muscles that are closed and small until they contract and then they open and expand.
Ant of digastric and suprahyoids func:
- Pulls hyoid Up and forward for swallow
- aids in opening CP
- Triggered during pharyngeal stage
Fnc of thyrohyoid:
- Pulls larynx up and forwards so that the hyoid can go up and out.
- triggered during pharyngeal stage
Why is it helpful for the ant belly of the digastric, suprahyoids, and thyrohyoids to pull the larynx up and forward?
When larynx is pulled up and forward during swallowing, the vfs close and the CP opens so the bolus can travel where it is supposed to
The epiglottis is the ____ line of defense.
1st
The vf are the ___ line of defense.
2nd
Laryngeal Structures (10):
1) Hyoid bone
2) Epiglottis
3) Valleculae
4) Laryngeal vestibule
5) Aryepiglottic folds > lateral vestibule walls
6) Thyroid cartilage
7) Arytenoid cartilages
8) False vocal folds
9) True vocal folds
10) Ventricles – lateral
Laryngeal Muscles (8):
1) PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid)
2) LCA (lateral cricoarytenoid)
3) Interarytenoid
4) TA (thyroarytenoid)
5) Laryngeal strap muscles (Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid, Sternohoid)
Laryngeal Muscles: PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid) –
attaches cricoid lamina to arytenoid; abducts arytenoids/vocal folds for respiration at end of swallow
Laryngeal Muscles: LCA (lateral cricoarytenoid) –
attaches cricoid cartilage to arytenoid; adducts arytenoids/vocal folds
Laryngeal Muscles: Interarytenoid –
attaches 2 arytenoids; adducts arytenoids/vocal folds
Laryngeal Muscles: TA (thyroarytenoid)* –
attached thyroid cartilage to arytenoid; tilts arytenoids anteriorly during swallow to assist with airway closure
* makes up vocal fold (along with vocalis m.)
Laryngeal strap muscles (3):
1) Thyrohyoid
2) Sternothyroid
3) Sternohyoid
Laryngeal Strap Muscles: Thyrohyoid -
– attaches thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone; elevates & lowers larynx