A&P of Swallowing Flashcards
what are the oral structures
- Lips
- Teeth - 24 deciduous, 32 permanent
- Maxilla (hard palate)
- Velum (soft palate) – shared with oropharynx
- Uvula
- Mandible
- Floor of mouth
- Tongue (all but base)
- Faucial arches: anterior & posterior
- Palatine tonsils
- Sulci - anterior & lateral
- Salivary glands – parotid, submandibular, sublingual
what are the oral tongue muscles
Tongue: Intrinsics: -superior longitudinal -inferior longitudinal -transverse-vertical (alter shape) Extrinsics: -genioglossus -hyoglossus -styloglossus -palatoglossus (protrude/retract, elevate/depress)
what are the pharyngeal structures
- Pterygoid plates on sphenoid bone (nasopharynx)
- Velum (oropharynx)
- Base of tongue
- Mandible
- Hyoid bone
- Pharynx! (pharyngeal walls)
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Pyriform sinuses
what are the oral roof of mouth muscles
Roof of mouth:
Palatoglossus:
-in anterior faucial arch
-pulls velum down & forward against back of tongue
Palatopharyngeus:
-in posterior faucial arch
-helps elevate & retract velum (VP closure)
what are the suprahyoid/submentals
- Mylohyoids
- Geniohyoids
- Digastrics (anterior belly)
whats the infrahyoid muscle
thyrhyoid
what are the constrictor muscles
Superior, Middle, Inferior > posterior & lateral walls
what is the CP
Cricopharyngeus (CP)* – inferior constrictor fibers attached to cricoid lamina; prevents air from entering esophagus, reduces backflow
* Tonic at rest (when awake); divides pharynx and esophagus
what are the laryngeal structures
- Hyoid bone
- Epiglottis
- Valleculae
- Laryngeal vestibule
- Aryepiglottic folds > lateral vestibule walls
- Thyroid cartilage
- Arytenoid cartilages
- False vocal folds
- True vocal folds
- Ventricles – lateral
what are the laryngeal muscles for swallowing
- PCA
- LCA
- Interarytenoid
- TA
- Laryngeal strap muscles
whats the PCA and what does it do
PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid) – attaches cricoid lamina to arytenoid; abducts arytenoids/vocal folds for respiration at end of swallow
whats the LCA and what does it do
LCA (lateral cricoarytenoid) – attaches cricoid cartilage to arytenoid; adducts arytenoids/vocal folds
whats the interarytenoid and what does it do
attaches 2 arytenoids; adducts arytenoids/vocal folds
whats the TA
TA (thyroarytenoid)* – attached thyroid cartilage to arytenoid; tilts arytenoids anteriorly during swallow to assist with airway closure
- makes up vocal fold (along with vocalis m.)
what are the laryngeal strap muscles
- thyrohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sterenothyroid
whats the purpose of the thyrohyoid
attaches thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone; elevates & lowers larynx
whats the purpose of the sternothyroid
attaches sternum to thyroid cartilage; suspends larynx & trachea in neck
whats the purpose of the sternohyoid
attaches sternum to hyoid; lowers & stabilizes hyoid
what are the esophageal structures
- UES (upper esophageal sphincter): aka CP (cricopharyngeus), aka PE segment (pharyngoesophageal sphincter)
- Esophagus
- LES (lower esophageal sphincter)
how long is the esophagus
~25 cm long
what are the esophageal muscles
- UES
- LES
what is the purpose of the UES
keeps air out of esophagus, keeps contents swallowed from coming back up
whats the purpose of the LES
keeps contents in stomach
how many layers of muscle are in the esophagus
two
