a&p of pregnancy ch 13

Question 1

Hegar sign

Answer 1

softening of the lower portion of the uterus (the cervical isthmus) & is a pregnancy sx that occurs around 4-6 wks gestation

Question 2

ballottement

Answer 2

• examiner taps up on cervix causing the fetus to rise and when it sinks back down, gentle tap is felt on finger

Question 3

quickening

Answer 3

first recognition of fetal movements

• 14-16 weeks in multiparous
• 18th week or later in nulliparous woman

Question 4

Goodell sign

Answer 4

softening of the cervix indicative of pregnancy; occurs around 6 wks gestation

Question 5

Chadwick sign

Answer 5

increased vascularity gives the vaginal mucosa and cervix the violet-blue color

• evident 6-8 weeks of pregnancy

Question 6

gravida

Answer 6

woman who is pregnant

Question 7

gravidity

Answer 7

pregnancy

Question 8

multigravida

Answer 8

woman who has had two or more pregnancies

Question 9

multipara

Answer 9

woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to stage of fetal viability

Question 10

nulligravida

Answer 10

woman who has never been pregnant

Question 11

nullipara

Answer 11

woman who has not completed pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached the stage of fetal viability

Question 12

parity

Answer 12

number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not the number of fetuses born

Question 13

primigravida

Answer 13

woman who is pregnant for the first time

Question 14

GTPAL

Answer 14

G - gravida (# of pregnancies)
T - term (> or = 37 weeks)
P - preterm (20 0/7-36 6/7)
A - abortion (< 20 wks)
L - living (living children)

Question 15

hCG

Answer 15

• earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy
• production begins as early as day of implantation
• can be measured 8-10 days after conception
• reaches max 60-70 days

Question 16

presumptive (subjective) signs of pregnancy

Answer 16

• fatigue
• breast tenderness
• N/V
• amenorrhea
• urinary frequency
• quickening

Question 17

probable (objective) signs of pregnancy

Answer 17

• Goodell sign
• Chadwick’s sign
• Hegar’s sign
• • pregnancy test
• braxton hicks contractions
• ballottement
• quickening

Question 18

positive signs of pregnancy

Answer 18

• ultrasound visualization of fetus
• fetal heart tones
• x-ray visualization of fetus
• fetal movements palpated &/or visible by examiner

Question 19

physiologic anemia of pregnancy

Answer 19

plasma increase is greater than the RBC increase

Question 20

respiratory changes in pregnancy

Answer 20

O2 consumption increases 20-40%

Question 21

fluid & electrolyte changes during pregnancy

Answer 21

increase of 6.5-8.5L of extra fluid by term

Question 22

melasma/chloasma

Answer 22

mask of pregnancy

Question 23

immune adaptations

Answer 23

1st trimester - pro-inflammatory (allows establishment of pregnancy)

2nd trimester - anti-inflammatory (allows rapid growth of fetus)

3rd trimester - pro-inflammatory (influx of immune cells which ripen cervix, cause membranes to rupture, initiate labor