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AS PE > A&P MOVEMENT > Flashcards

A&P MOVEMENT Flashcards

0
Q

MEDIAL

A

towards the middle of the body

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1
Q

PLANES OF MOVEMENT

A

a flat surface running through the body within which different types of movement can take place about different types of synovial joint. ( 3 main planes in humans)

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2
Q

LATERAL

A

towards the outside of the body

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3
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

A

an upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms if hands, knees and toes facing formats

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4
Q

ANTERIOR

A

towards the front of the body

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5
Q

POSTERIOR

A

towards the back of the body

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6
Q

SUPERIOR

A

towards the head or upper part of the body

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7
Q

INFERIOR

A

towards the feet or the lower part of te body

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8
Q

ORIGIN

A

point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

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9
Q

INSERTION

A

point of attachment of a muscle that tends to move towards the origin during muscular contraction

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10
Q

ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION

A

as one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place

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11
Q

AGONIST MUSCLE

A

the muscle that is directly responsible for the movement at a joint

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12
Q

ANTAGONIST MUSCLE

A

the muscle that has an action opposite to that of the agonist and helps the production of a coordinated movement

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13
Q

CORE STABILITY

A

the ability of your trunk to support the forces from your arms and legs during different types of physical activity. Enables joints and muscles to work in safe and efficient positions and reduces risk of injury

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14
Q

ROTATOR CUFF

A

4 muscles make this up, which work to stabilise the shoulder joint to prevent the larger muscles from displacing the head of the humerus during physical activity

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15
Q

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

A

tension is produced in the muscle while there is a change in muscle length. It is dynamic contraction because the joint will move

16
Q

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

A

tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length. It is a static contraction because the joint will stay in the same position

17
Q

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION

A

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle shortening while producing tension

18
Q

ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION

A

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle lengthening while producing tension

19
Q

MUSCLE FIBRE

A

a ling cylindrical muscle cell. Muscle fibres are held together in bundles to make up and individual skeletal muscle

20
Q

SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES

A

a type of muscle fibre associated with aerobic work. Produces a small force over a long proof of time : high resistance to fatigue. Suited to endurance based activities

21
Q

FAST TWITH MUSCLE FIBRES

A

Associated with anaerobic work. Produces a large force over a short period of time: low resistance to fatigue

22
Q

2 TYPES OF FAST TWITH MUSCLE FIBRE

A

2a/ FOG - fast oxidative, slightly greater resistance to fatigue than FG fibres
2b/FG - fast glycolytic

23
Q

AEROBIC EXERCISE

A

Performed in the presence of oxygen at a submaximal intensity of prolonged period of time

24
Q

ANAEROBIC EXERCISE

A

performed in the absence of oxygen at a maximal intensity that can only be sustained for a short period of time due to the build up of lactic acid

25
Q

WARM UP

A

light aerobic exercise that takes place prior to physical activity, light exercise- raise HR, core an body temp, mobilises joints, stretching muscle and connective tissue, rehearsal of skills

26
Q

COOL DOWN

A

low intensity aerobic exercise after physical activity, facilitates recovery process

27
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS

A

weakening of bones caused by a reduction in bone density making them prone to fracture

28
Q

SEDENTARY

A

an inactive lifestyle with little or no exercise

29
Q

OSTEOARTHRITIS

A

degenerative joint disease caused by loss of articular cartilage at the ends of ling bones in a joint- swelling pain and reduced motion in joints

30
Q

BONE SPURS

A

small projections of bone that form around joints due to damage to joints surface, most commonly caused from onset or osteoarthritis - limit movement and cause pain

31
Q

JOUNT STABILITY

A

refers to the resistance offered by various musculoskeletal tissues that surround a joint

32
Q

MUSCLE TONE

A

the continual state of partial contraction of a muscle that helps to maintain posture

AS PE (2 decks)

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