A&P MOVEMENT Flashcards
MEDIAL
towards the middle of the body
PLANES OF MOVEMENT
a flat surface running through the body within which different types of movement can take place about different types of synovial joint. ( 3 main planes in humans)
LATERAL
towards the outside of the body
ANATOMICAL POSITION
an upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms if hands, knees and toes facing formats
ANTERIOR
towards the front of the body
POSTERIOR
towards the back of the body
SUPERIOR
towards the head or upper part of the body
INFERIOR
towards the feet or the lower part of te body
ORIGIN
point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
INSERTION
point of attachment of a muscle that tends to move towards the origin during muscular contraction
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION
as one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place
AGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle that is directly responsible for the movement at a joint
ANTAGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle that has an action opposite to that of the agonist and helps the production of a coordinated movement
CORE STABILITY
the ability of your trunk to support the forces from your arms and legs during different types of physical activity. Enables joints and muscles to work in safe and efficient positions and reduces risk of injury
ROTATOR CUFF
4 muscles make this up, which work to stabilise the shoulder joint to prevent the larger muscles from displacing the head of the humerus during physical activity
ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
tension is produced in the muscle while there is a change in muscle length. It is dynamic contraction because the joint will move
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length. It is a static contraction because the joint will stay in the same position
CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION
A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle shortening while producing tension
ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION
A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle lengthening while producing tension
MUSCLE FIBRE
a ling cylindrical muscle cell. Muscle fibres are held together in bundles to make up and individual skeletal muscle
SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES
a type of muscle fibre associated with aerobic work. Produces a small force over a long proof of time : high resistance to fatigue. Suited to endurance based activities
FAST TWITH MUSCLE FIBRES
Associated with anaerobic work. Produces a large force over a short period of time: low resistance to fatigue
2 TYPES OF FAST TWITH MUSCLE FIBRE
2a/ FOG - fast oxidative, slightly greater resistance to fatigue than FG fibres
2b/FG - fast glycolytic
AEROBIC EXERCISE
Performed in the presence of oxygen at a submaximal intensity of prolonged period of time
ANAEROBIC EXERCISE
performed in the absence of oxygen at a maximal intensity that can only be sustained for a short period of time due to the build up of lactic acid
WARM UP
light aerobic exercise that takes place prior to physical activity, light exercise- raise HR, core an body temp, mobilises joints, stretching muscle and connective tissue, rehearsal of skills
COOL DOWN
low intensity aerobic exercise after physical activity, facilitates recovery process
OSTEOPOROSIS
weakening of bones caused by a reduction in bone density making them prone to fracture
SEDENTARY
an inactive lifestyle with little or no exercise
OSTEOARTHRITIS
degenerative joint disease caused by loss of articular cartilage at the ends of ling bones in a joint- swelling pain and reduced motion in joints
BONE SPURS
small projections of bone that form around joints due to damage to joints surface, most commonly caused from onset or osteoarthritis - limit movement and cause pain
JOUNT STABILITY
refers to the resistance offered by various musculoskeletal tissues that surround a joint
MUSCLE TONE
the continual state of partial contraction of a muscle that helps to maintain posture
