A&P Lower extremity Flashcards
What are the hip bones of the pelvic girdle
- Ilium
- Pubis
- Ischium
What portion of the pelvic girdle is described by the following:
- Largest, most superior
- Contains the landmarks: ASIS, PSIS
Ilium
What portion of the pelvic girdle is described by the following:
- Lowest posterior portion
- “Sit bone”
Ischium
What portion of the pelvic girdle is described by the following:
- Lower anterior portion
Pubis
Bones of the pelvic girdle meet and form what?
acetabulum of the hip bone (socket for head of femur)
What is:
- Formed by the articulation of ischium and pubis.
- Largest foramen in the body.
Obturator Foramen
- Longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body.
- Head articulates with acetabulum of hip proximally and with the patella and tibial plateau distally.
- Neck is a constricted region below the head and is a common region for fractures.
- Greater Trochanter is the projection felt on the side of the hip.
- Attachment site for some thigh and buttock muscles.
- Medial and Lateral femoral Condyles
- Distal ends of the femur that articulates with the tibia.
Femur
- articulates within the trochlea between the femoral condyles.
- Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
- It’s function is to increase leverage of the tendon, maintain position of the tendon when the knee is flexed and protect the anterior knee.
Patella
- Larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg.
- Lateral and Medial condyles expands the plateau at the proximal end.
- Forms the medial malleolus at the distal end (main articulation with the talus of the ankle).
- Fibular notch on distal lateral side.
Tibia
attachment point for the patellar ligament
Tibial tuberosity
- Non weight-bearing bone lateral to the tibia.
- Longest, thinnest bone in body.
- Attached to the tibia via the interosseous membrane.
- Forms the lateral malleolus at the distal end.
- With the distal tibia collectively forms the ankle mortise and syndesmosis.
Fibula
Extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity and strengthens the anterior surface of the knee.
Patellar Ligament
Ligament that Strengthens the medial aspect of the knee
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Ligament that Strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee.
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Ligament that:
- Extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to the femur.
- Limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Ligament that:
- Extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur.
- Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
What are:
- Fibrocartilage discs between the tibial and femoral condyles.
- Compensates for irregular shapes of the articulating bones and circulate synovial fluid.
Menisci
What are the bursae of the knee?
- Prepatellar bursae
- Pes anserinus bursae
- Infrapatellar bursae
- Suprapatellar bursae
- Formed by the distal end of the tibia and fibula
- Stability provided by the interosseous membrane
- Tibia forms medial malleolus
- Fibula forms lateral malleolus
Ankle Mortis
Bones of the ankle (tarsals)
“Tall Camels Never Consume Cubes”
Talus (ankle bone)
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Navicular (medial)
Cuneiforms (numbered 1-3 medial to lateral
Cuboid (lateral)
What are the foot bones called?
Metatarsals
What are toe bones called
Phalanges
How is the big toe different to the other toes in terms of phalanges?
- Big toe has proximal and distal phalanges
- Others have proximal, middle and distal phalanges
What ligament extends from talus to fibula
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
