a&p lab chapter 1

Question 1

central nervous system (cns)

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system (pns)

Answer 2

made of nerves

Question 3

afferent

Answer 3

sensory neurons

Question 4

efferent

Answer 4

motor neurons

Question 5

somatic

Answer 5

conscious/voluntary

Question 6

autonomic

Answer 6

unconscious/involuntary

Question 7

sympathetic

Answer 7

fight or flight

Question 8

parasympathetic

Answer 8

rest or digest

Question 9

function

Answer 9

generates and transmits electrical signals called action potentials to maintain homeostasis. senses —> coordinated + integrated data —-> transmits APs

Question 10

how does it work?

Answer 10

sensory receptors detect change in the environment.
transmits this information along sensory/afferent nerves to the CNS
CNS coordinates & integrates received information
initiates responses which are transmitted by efferent neurons to effectors in pns
neurons, muscles cells. and or glands

Question 11

neurons

Answer 11

structural and functionals units of nervous tissue. support, protect, and provide nutrients at home

Question 12

astrocytes

Answer 12

star-shaped, wrap around blood vessels (cns)

Question 13

oligodendrocytes

Answer 13

form myelin shealths around a few cells (cns)

Question 14

microglia

Answer 14

phagocytes clean up debris

Question 15

ependymal cells

Answer 15

line ventricles of brain: form CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) (cns)

Question 16

schwann cells

Answer 16

form myelin sheaths around 1 cell (pns)

Question 17

satellite cells

Answer 17

support neurons with ganglia (pns)

Question 18

soma

Answer 18

cell body of a neuron

Question 19

dendrites

Answer 19

receive information from receptors/other neurons

Question 20

axons

Answer 20

send information out

Question 21

node of ranvier

Answer 21

gaps in myelin shealth

Question 22

axon terminal

Answer 22

the end where neurotransmitters are found to transmit signals

Question 23

bipolar

Answer 23

have 1 dendrite, 1 axon on either side of soma

Question 24

unipolar

Answer 24

have 1 process (fusion of dendrite & axon).

Question 25

multipolar

Answer 25

have many processes (many dendrites & 1 axon)

Question 26

sensory (afferent)

Answer 26

changes the stimulation into AP - > spinal cord

Question 27

motor (efferent)

Answer 27

takes impulses from SC –> effector (muscles, glands)

Question 28

interneurons

Answer 28

make up 90% of cns neurons: synapse with other interneurons or a motor neuron

Question 29

myelin shealth

Answer 29

composed of lipoproteins

provide protection and insulation

increase the speed of conductivity for the APs

Question 30

unmyelinated axons

Answer 30

axons without a myelin shealth. conduct APs slower than myelinated fibers

Question 31

white matter

Answer 31

myelinated axons that forms throughout the cns

Question 32

gray matter

Answer 32

unmyelinated area, ex, somas, dendrites,

Question 33

brain

Answer 33

outer gray matter with inner white matter

isolated areas of gray matter deep in the brain = nuclei

Question 34

spinal cord

Answer 34

outer white matter with central gray matter area