A & P - Joints

Question 1

Different Types of Joints

Answer 1

Hinge Ball and Socket Saddle Pivot Gliding Condyloid

Question 2

Example of Joint + Action Ball and Socket

Answer 2

Hip joint Flexion / Extension / Adduction / Abduction / Internal + External Rotation

Question 3

Example of Joint + Action Hinge

Answer 3

Knee, ankle, etc. Flexion Extension

Question 4

Example of Joint + Action Saddle

Answer 4

Thumb Flexion / Extension / Adduction / Abduction / Circumduction

Question 5

Example of Joint + Action Pivot

Answer 5

C1 and C2 vertebrae Rotation of one bone around another

Question 6

Example of Joint + Action Condyloid

Answer 6

Wrist Gliding movements

Question 7

Types of Motion Abduction

Answer 7

Movement away from the center of the body.

Question 8

Types of Motion Adduction

Answer 8

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Question 9

Types of Motion Circumduction

Answer 9

Circular movements

Question 10

Elevation / Depression

Answer 10

When a structure moves in an inferior or superior direction

Question 11

Synovial Joint

Answer 11

Synovial Joint

Question 12

Synovial Joint

Articular Capsule

Answer 12

A fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone.

Walls of joint cavity

Bones of the joint join with eaqch other within the joint cavity.

Question 13

Synovial Joint

Articular Cartilage

Answer 13

Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by presence of articular cartilage.

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the surface of each bone.

Question 14

Synovial Membrane

Answer 14

Lining of the inner surface of the articular capsule.

Question 15

Synovial Fluid

Answer 15

Cells of the membrane secrete synovial fluid.

Thick fluid which provides lubrication to reduce friction between bones of the joint.

Provides nourishment to the articular cartilage.

Ability of the bones to move smoothly against each other within the joint cavity and freedom of joint movement.

Question 16

Synovial Joint

Ligaments

Answer 16

Bones are connected together by ligaments which are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue.

Strengthen and support bones.

Prevents separation.

Intrinsic ligament - fused into wall of articular capsule
Intracapsular ligament - located inside articular capsule

Question 17

Synovial Joint

Tendon

Answer 17

Tendon is dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone.

As forces acting on a joint increase, the body will increase overall strength of contraction of the muscles crossing that joint.

Thus allowing the joint to serve as a dynamic ligament to resist forces and support the joint.

e.g. shoulder joint where ligaments are relatively weak.