A&P Immunology

Question 1

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen with anaphylaxis

Answer 1

Type I (one)

Question 2

T or F: Animals are born with adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

False: adaptive immunity changes and adapts as an animal grows and develops - it is always changing.

Question 3

Name two physical barriers in the first line of defense of the immune system.

Answer 3

Skin

Mucous Membranes

Question 4

Describe a pathogen & give an example.

Answer 4

Pathogen: it is an organism that causes disease - often these are microscopic.

Examples:
Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Protozoa

Question 5

Name three superficial lymph nodes felt on physical examination of an animal.

Answer 5

Submandibular
Prescapular
Axillary
Inguinal
Popliteal

Question 6

Where do T cells migrate after the red bone marrow?

Answer 6

Thymus – think T cell as in THYMUS.

Question 7

Explain the difference between antibody & antigen.

Answer 7

Antigen: it is a substance/chemical/organism that can stimulate an immune response.

Antibody - also known as immunoglobulins - produced by B cells when one of the animals’ cells has come in to contact with an antigen.

Question 8

What are signs of inflammation?

Answer 8

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function

Question 9

Describe the 5 steps of phagocytosis

Answer 9

1. ) Chemotaxis - movement of a cell towards the problem in response to chemical stimulation. Pseudopods/”arms” reach out towards the pathogen at the problem site.
2. ) Adherence - “own” cell attaches to pathogen
3. ) Ingestion - “own” cell envelopes pathogen and place them in a vesicle (phagosome) within host/ animal cell. Animal cell produces lysozymes
4. ) Digestion - lysozyme digests/breaks down pathogen within the phagosome
5. ) Elimination - animal cell releases debri after digestion. Animal cell saves some pieces to help alert immune system in case other pathogens return.

Question 10

T or F: Natural killer cells are part of the adaptive immune system.

Answer 10

False - they are part of the innate immune system.