A&P I Final Flashcards
Where are blood vessels housed that nourish the epidermis?
statum basale
The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. What type of transport is this activity an example of?
active transport
Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. What organelle must muscle cells have in great numbers?
mitochondria
All cells in the epidermis arise from mitotic activity in stratum
basale
The mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used for translation into a protein only after undergoing ________________________.
transcription
Why is vitamin D necessary?
Your body must have vitamin D to absorb calcium and promote bone growth.
What are the three main parts of a cell?
cell membrane, a nucleus, and cytoplasm.
What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body?
mucosae, line the body cavities that open to the outside
Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure.
a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character. Plasma membranes range from 5 to 10 nm in thickness.
If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?
the same amount
What is the building block of a lipid?
one glycerol molecule and at least one fatty acid, with a maximum of three fatty acids.
Melanin is produced upon exposure to _______________________.
UV rays
What general tissue type binds, supports, and protects the body?
connective tissue
Where does transcription of DNA into RNA occur?
nucleus
Tetracycline is an antibiotic used to treat infections. It binds with bacterial ribosomes and inhibits the tRNA molecule from binding to the ribosome. What process is interrupted?
translation
How do melanocytes and keratinocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage?
accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a pigment that protects DNA fromUV radiation
Immature cells that actively divide by mitosis and create most of the ECM of cartilage are known as _______________________.
chondroblasts in cartilage
Why is cholesterol a critical component of the plasma membrane?
Cholesterol stabilized the structure of plasma membrane when the temperature changes
Which biological catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction?
enzymes
Through a dehydration synthesis reaction, a phosphate is added to ADP. What product is formed?
ATP
Connective tissues proper (or general connective tissues) produce collagen fibers using cells known as ___________________________.
fibroblasts
Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in a ___________________________ solution.
hypotonic
The ECM of blood is known as _____________________________.
blood plasma
