A&P Finals

Question 1

Depolarization

Answer 1

movement of the membrane potential in a positive direction

Question 2

Resting membrane potential

Answer 2

the outside of the cell membrane is more positively charged compared to the inside before an action potential is created

Question 3

Threshold potential

Answer 3

the minimum potential difference that must be reached in order to fire an action potential

Question 4

Ion locations and their movements before and during action potentials

Answer 4

Sodium goes in the cell and Potassium goes out the cell

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Part of the neuron that receives signals

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Chamical messengers to send and recieve chemical signals from one neuron to another

Question 7

Decussation

Answer 7

intersection of pathways in the form of an X

Question 8

Layers of meninges

Answer 8

closest to the brain is pia matter, middle layer is arachnoid, and furthest from the brain is dura matter

Question 9

Medulla oblongata

Answer 9

connection from the brain stem to the spinal cord

Question 10

Gustatory, olfactory, auditory

Answer 10

taste, smell, hear

Question 11

Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors

Answer 11

Smell and taste located in the nose and tongue, hearing and equilibrium located on muscle, sight located in the back of your retina

Question 12

Referred pain

Answer 12

feeling pain in other places besides its origin

Question 13

Functions of inner and middle ear

Answer 13

inner ear helps keep homeostasis while middle ear transmits sound

Question 14

Cerumen

Answer 14

Ear wax to protect bacteria from getting in

Question 15

Structures light passes through on its way into the eye

Answer 15

cornea, iris, pupil, lens, reitna

Question 16

Choroid

Answer 16

the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera.

Question 17

Rods and cones

Answer 17

dimmed lighting, colored lighting

Question 18

Iris

Answer 18

colored part of the eye

Question 19

Capillaries vs. veins vs. arteries

Answer 19

Arteries carry blood away from your heart. Veins carry blood back toward your heart. Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins

Question 20

Functions of blood

Answer 20

transports oxygen from lungs to cells, carbon dioxide cells to lungs, waste from cell to kidney lungs and sweat glands, hormones to endocrine cells and glands

Question 21

Functions of upper respiratory tract

Answer 21

air conducting functions

Question 22

Alveoli function

Answer 22

blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 23

Parietal and chief cells

Answer 23

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and chief cells secrete digestive enzymes together with pepsin

Question 24

Peristalsis

Answer 24

Moves food to different processing stages

Question 25

Duodenum

Answer 25

shortest and first part of the small intestine and is responsible for mixing food with enzyme

Question 26

Bolus vs. chyme

Answer 26

Bolus is food that has been mixed with saliva. Chyme is food that has been mixed with gastric juice

Question 27

Urinary functions

Answer 27

filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product

Question 28

Nephrons

Answer 28

Goleman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Question 29

Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

Answer 29

removes waste and extra fluid from the body, stores urine, transfer urine, stretch receptors

Question 30

Gonads

Answer 30

an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.

Question 31

Penis Functions

Answer 31

urination and reproduction

Question 32

Physiology of an erection

Answer 32

Your penis becomes hard and enlarged from increase of blood flow.

Question 33

Endometrium vs. myometrium

Answer 33

inner layer that lines the uterus, the middle and thickest layer