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CVT Semester 1 > A&P Final Review > Flashcards

A&P Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth walled portion of RA

A

Posterior

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2
Q

AV node location (in relation to TV)

A

Posterior

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3
Q

Location of eustachian valve

A

Anterior border at IVC orifice

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4
Q

What is the chiari network

A

Web like portion of eustachian valve

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5
Q

Coronary sinus enters where

A

Anteriorly to the medial extremity of the EV

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6
Q

RV outflow direction

A

Anterosuperior

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7
Q

4 muscular bands of RV

A

Parietal
Crista supraventricularis
Septal band
Moderator band

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8
Q

Thickness of RV

A

3-5 mm

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9
Q

RV outflow is also known as what

A

Infundibulum

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10
Q

Demarcation between inflow/outflow in RV?

A

Crista supraventricularis

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11
Q

Papillary muscles in the RV

A

Chordae tendonae
Medial papillary muscle
Moderator band

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12
Q

Remnant of fetal ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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13
Q

Wall thickness LA

A

3mm

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14
Q

LV thickness

A

13-15mm

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15
Q

What area of LV is trabeculated

A

Apex

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16
Q

2 papillary muscles of the LV

A

Anterolateral (fed by diagonal)

Posteromedial (fed by PDA)

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17
Q

Which papillary muscle of the LV becomes more ischemic

A

Posteromedial

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18
Q

Thickness of membranous septum

A

1-3mm

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19
Q

What demarcates membranous from muscular septum

A

Limbus marginalis

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20
Q

RA wall thickness

A

2 mm

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21
Q

Mitral valve orifice size

A

9cm

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22
Q

Largest leaflet of the mitral valve

A

Anterior

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23
Q

Tricuspid valve orifice size

A

11cm

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24
Q

Aortic valve orifice

A

7.5cm

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25
Q

Pouch like structures behind the aortic and pulmonic valves

A

Sinuses of valsalva

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26
Q

Branches off of aortic arch

A

Innominate, left common carotid, left subclavian

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27
Q

Barorecepter mechanisms: impulses travel up the _______ nerves to the _______ thus send messages to the _______ nerve to the SA and AV nodes.

A

Glossopharyngeal, medulla, vagus

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28
Q

Which nervous system increases HR/strength of contraction/cardiac output

A

Sympathetic

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29
Q

Increased potassium = (incr/decr) HR and contraction

A

Decreased

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30
Q

Increased calcium = (incr/decr) in HR and contraction

A

Increase

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31
Q

Increase sodium = (incr/decr) cardiac function

A

Decrease

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32
Q

Nodule on semi-lunar valves

A

Arantii

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33
Q

Nodules on cusps of valves

A

lunulae

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34
Q

Pulmonic valve orifice

A

8.5cm

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35
Q

The thesbian and eustacian valve develop from what?

A

Right sinus venosus valve

36
Q

Where does gas exchange occur

A

Capillary bed

37
Q

RA pressure

A

0-8 mmHg

38
Q

RV diastolic pressure

A

0-8 mmHg

39
Q

RV systolic pressure

A

15-25 mmHg

40
Q

PA systolic pressure

A

15-25 mmHG

41
Q

PA diastolic pressure

A

8-15 mmHg

42
Q

LA pressure

A

4-12 mmHg

43
Q

LV diastolic pressure

A

4-12 mmHg

44
Q

LV systolic pressure

A

110-130 mmHg

45
Q

Aortic systolic pressure

A

110-130 mmHg

46
Q

Aortic diastolic pressure

A

70-80 mmHg

47
Q

What is phase 2 of ventricular diastole

A

Rapid ventricular filling (fills 75-80%)

48
Q

What is phase 3 of ventricular diastole

A

Diastasis: LA and LV pressures reach equilibrium

49
Q

What is phase 4 of contraction

A

Atrial kick; 10-30% of EDV. Atrial systole.

50
Q

Isovolumic contraction

A

⬆️ pressure in ventricles; MV and TV close. No blood flow. ⬆️ pressure greater than PA/AO diastolic pressure then PV and AV open.

51
Q

Pulmonary wedge pressure is equal to

A

LA (open conduit between PV to LA)

52
Q

Frank Starling law (sliding filament hypothesis)

A

Force of contraction ⬆️ proportionately to the degree of diastolic stretch

53
Q

Normal cardiac output

A

4-8 l/min

54
Q

Contractile segment of a myofibril

A

Sarcomere

55
Q

2 types of filaments in myofibrils

A

Myosin

Actin

56
Q

Plasma membrane surface of a muscle

A

Sarcolemma

57
Q

Contractile protein with rod like tail and globular heads

A

Myosin

58
Q

Thin filament of muscle fiber

A

Actin

59
Q

2 regulatory proteins

A

Troponin

Tropomyosin

60
Q

Blocks actins active sites

A

Tropomyosin

61
Q

Binds to Tropomyosin and Ca ions and actin

A

Troponin

62
Q

What releases Ca when signaled for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

63
Q

Conducts impulses to the deepest region of the cell and every Sarcomere yet is continuous with the extracellular space

A

T tubules

64
Q

Cross bridge theory: actin requires _____ which leads to contraction

A

Ca

65
Q

Cross bridge theory: Ca levels are low. Myosin binding to actin is blocked by ________.

A

Tropomyosin

66
Q

Cross bridge theory: Ca becomes available and binds to ________ thus changes shape and the ________ moves away from the myosin-binding site.

A

Troponin, Tropomyosin

67
Q

Activated myosin heads attach to the binding sites on actin

A

Cross bridge attachment

68
Q

Myosin head binds, change shape and pulls on thin filament. ADP and inorganic phosphate are released from myosin head.

A

Working stroke

69
Q

ATP molecule binds to myosin head and detaches from the actin

A

Cross bridge detachment

70
Q

Enzyme that prevents the contraction of muscle fiber in absence of NS stimulation.

A

Acetylcholinesterase

71
Q

Role of AChE

A

Destroys acetylcholine, preventing unwanted contractions

72
Q

3 fetal shunts

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

73
Q

Fetal shunt direction

A

R to L

74
Q

What structure helps to direct the oxygenated blood from the RA to the LA

A

Eustachian valve

75
Q

What structure must be present in order for the oxygenated blood to flow into the LA

A

Foramen ovale

76
Q

Origin of myocardium

A

Splanchnic mesoderm (cardiogenic plates)

77
Q

Cardiac/cushion jelly separates what?

A

Endothelial heart tubes from myocardium

78
Q

Tissue on the dorsal wall of atrium

A

Septum primum

79
Q

Opening/hole near dorsal wall of atria

A

Ostium primum

80
Q

Amyl nitrate does what

A

Decr VR, incr SV/CO

81
Q

L Cardinal vein becomes

A

Oblique vein of LA

82
Q

Ventricular septum developed

A

28-46

83
Q

Outflow track developed

A

35-56

84
Q

Completion of outflow track

A

56

85
Q

Ventricular septum ceases at what day

A

46

86
Q

75% oxygen saturation

A

R side

CVT Semester 1 (3 decks)

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