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A&P > A&P Exam 1 Study Guide 2 > Flashcards

A&P Exam 1 Study Guide 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

create molecules which can pack closely together at room temperature forming solid at room temperature (ex. animal fats, butter) form of truglycerides

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2
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A
  • liquid at room temp. (ex. plant oils)
  • Trans fats- modified unsaturated fatty oils that resemble structure of saturated fats and are unhealthy
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3
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Molecules are able to passively diffuse through membrane

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4
Q

Facilitated diffusion through aquaporins

A

water molecules use protein channels to move across the cell membrane

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5
Q

ionic compounds

A

salts (sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron)

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6
Q

organic molecules

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids, contains carbon

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7
Q

inorganic molecules

A

water, salts, many acids and bases, no carbon

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8
Q

structural proteins

A

mechanical support, collagen

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9
Q

transport proteins

A

moving substances, hemoglobin

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10
Q

contractile proteins

A

movement, actin and myosin

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11
Q

communication proteins

A

transmitting signals between cells, hormones

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12
Q

chemical work

A

ATP phosphorylates key reactants, providing energy to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions

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13
Q

mechanical work

A

ATP phosphorylates contractile proteins in muscle cells so the cells can contract

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14
Q

transport work

A

ATP phosphorylates transport proteins, activating them to transport solutes across cell membranes

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15
Q

high heat capacity of water

A

ability to absorb and release heat with little temperature change (prevents sudden temp. changes)

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16
Q

high heat of vaporization of water

A

evaporation requires large amounts of heat. useful cooling mechanism. Sweat

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17
Q

polar solvent properties of water

A

water molecules are polar, water is a solvent and can dissolve and dissociate ionic substances

18
Q

reactivity of water

A

It is an important reactant in many chemical reactions (hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis)

19
Q

cushioning of water

A

Protects certain organs from physical trauma (Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the brain)

20
Q

monosaccharides

A

one single sugar (monomer), pentose sugars (Ribose and deoxyribose), Hexose sugars (glucose)

21
Q

disaccharrides

A

two sugar monomers, too large to pass through the cell membrane, sucrose, maltose, and lactose. formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides.

22
Q

polysaccharides

A

more than two sugar monomers, starch and glycogen

23
Q

triglycerides

A

called fats when solid and oils when liquid, three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule by dehydration synthesis, energy storage, insulation, protection

24
Q

exocytosis

A

material is ejected from cell in secretory vesicle

25
Q

phagocytosis

A

Pseudopods form and flow around solid particles being englufed

26
Q

pinocytosis

A

Plasma membrane surrounds extracellular fluid with dissolved solutes, main way in which nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, kidneys

27
Q

intracellular vesicular trafficking

A

move substances from one area or an organelle to another area

28
Q

If the solute level in a cell increases, what will happen to the cell?

A

hypertonic, shrink

29
Q

Describe plasma membrane

A

flexible outer boundary, selectively permeable, lipid bilayer

30
Q

Do all three types of rna play a role in protein synthesis?

A

yes

31
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATP, ex sodium potassium pumps

32
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A

substances bind to specific receptors in the membrane, enxymes, LDLs, iron, insulin, and flic acid, viruses

33
Q

tight junctions

A

impermeable junctions, form continuous seals around the cell, prevent molecules from passing between cells, epithelial cells of GI tract

34
Q

desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions, bind adjacent cells together like molecular Velcro, help keep cells from tearing apart, skin and heart

35
Q

pumps that move against the concentration gradient

A

Na/K pump

36
Q

proton acceptors

A

bases, they pick up hydrogen ions in a solution

37
Q

proton donors

A

acids, they release hydrogen ions in solution

38
Q

hydrolysis

A

monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other

39
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the site of bond formation

40
Q

phosphorylation of a transport protein

A

causes change in shape of transport protein

41
Q

What is the single most abundant protein in the body?

A

Collagen

A&P (3 decks)

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