A&P exam 1

Question 1

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 1

Appearance: Single layer, “fried egg” appearance
Function: rapid transport of substances through membrane
Location: Alveoli of lungs and kidney tubules

Question 2

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 2

Appearance: single layer, cube-shaped
Function: secretes, absorbs and produces mucous
Location: Liver, kidney tubules

Question 3

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 3

Appearance: Single layer, column-shaped
Function: secretion and absorption
Location: Intestines, stomach, kidney tubules

Question 4

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 4

Appearance: single layer, appears stratified due to cells w/varying height
Function: secretes and propels mucous
Location: Sperm ducts, respiratory tract

Question 5

Stratified Squamous Epithelium- Keratinized

Answer 5

Appearance: multiple layers, keratin
Function: resists abrasion and water loss
Location: palms and soles

Question 6

Stratified squamous epithelium- nonkeratinized

Answer 6

Appearance: multiple layers
Function: resists abrasion and pathogens
Location: tongue, vagina

Question 7

Stratified Cuboidal epithelium

Answer 7

Appearance: multiple layers, surface cells
Function: sweat secretion, sperm
Location: sweat glands, sperm ducts in testis

Question 8

stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 8

Appearance: multiple layers
Function: lines glandular ducts
Location: pharynx, male urethra

Question 9

Exocrine glands (merocrine, holocrine, apocrine)

Answer 9

Structure: unicellular and multicellular, DUCTS
Function: Secretes products to epithelium (ex. protein)

Question 9

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 9

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

Question 10

Endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid and adrenal)

Answer 10

Structure: NO DUCTS
Function: secretes products into extracellular space by exocytosis (ex. hormones)

Question 11

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 11

Wraps and cushions tissues, fights infection

Question 12

Adipose connective tissue

Answer 12

absorbs shock, stores fat for energy

Question 13

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 13

Provides support for cells, especially blood cells

Question 14

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 14

Dense Regular, Dense Irregular

Question 15

Dense Regular tissue

Answer 15

Resists tension, connects bone and muscle

Question 16

Dense Irregular Tissue

Answer 16

Resists stretching and distension along multiple planes

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

Structure: Mostly water, avascular, flexible
Function: absorbs shock, maintains shape

Question 18

Bone

Answer 18

Structure: Collagen and Ca salts
Function: support and protection, stores fat, forms blood cells

Question 19

Muscle Tissue

Answer 19

Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle

Question 20

Skeletal

Answer 20

Voluntary movement, striated

Question 21

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 21

Striated, branched arrangement

Question 22

Smooth Muscle

Answer 22

Involuntary, no striations

Question 23

Nervous Tissue

Answer 23

Neurons, Neuroglia

Question 24

Neurons

Answer 24

Generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 25

Neuroglia

Answer 25

Supports cells that insulate and protect neurons

Question 26

Cutaneous Membrane (external)

Answer 26

Structure: epidermis on top, dermis below

Question 27

Epidermis

Answer 27

Layers deepest to superficial: Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin) Stratum Corneum

Question 28

Dermis

Answer 28

Papillary layer (superficial)= fingerprints Reticular layer (deep)= cleavage lines

Question 29

Mucous Membrane (Internal)

Answer 29

Function: Line cavities open to the external environment Location: Eyes, Respiratory tract

Question 30

Serous Membrane

Answer 30

Function: Lines cavities closed to external environment Structure: Parietal membrane and visceral membrane

Question 31

Steps of tissue repair

Answer 31

1. Injury occurs, histamine causes inflammation to dilate blood vessels 2. Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue, established blood supply 3. Scab detaches, epithelium thickens

Question 32

Hypodermis

Answer 32

Connects skin to underlying structures, insulation

Question 33

Pigments

Answer 33

Made of Melanin= shield nucleus from UV radiation, prevents cancer

Question 34

Hair

Answer 34

Structure: dead keratinized cells Function: prevents heat loss, shields sunlight

Question 35

Nails

Answer 35

Structure: free edge, nail plate, root Function: Protects distal/dorsal surface of fingers and toes

Question 36

Sweat glands

Answer 36

Eccrine gland and Apocrine sweat gland

Question 37

Eccrine gland

Answer 37

Structure: 99% water, NaCl, lactic acid Function: regulates body temp via evaporation

Question 38

Apocrine Sweat gland

Answer 38

Structure: Composed of more fats and proteins Function: Triggered by emotional stress

Question 39

Integumentary system

Answer 39

Protection, Excretion, Thermoregulation, Sensation