A&P exam 1 Flashcards
Simple squamous epithelium
Appearance: Single layer, “fried egg” appearance
Function: rapid transport of substances through membrane
Location: Alveoli of lungs and kidney tubules
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Appearance: single layer, cube-shaped
Function: secretes, absorbs and produces mucous
Location: Liver, kidney tubules
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Appearance: Single layer, column-shaped
Function: secretion and absorption
Location: Intestines, stomach, kidney tubules
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Appearance: single layer, appears stratified due to cells w/varying height
Function: secretes and propels mucous
Location: Sperm ducts, respiratory tract
Stratified Squamous Epithelium- Keratinized
Appearance: multiple layers, keratin
Function: resists abrasion and water loss
Location: palms and soles
Stratified squamous epithelium- nonkeratinized
Appearance: multiple layers
Function: resists abrasion and pathogens
Location: tongue, vagina
Stratified Cuboidal epithelium
Appearance: multiple layers, surface cells
Function: sweat secretion, sperm
Location: sweat glands, sperm ducts in testis
stratified columnar epithelium
Appearance: multiple layers
Function: lines glandular ducts
Location: pharynx, male urethra
Exocrine glands (merocrine, holocrine, apocrine)
Structure: unicellular and multicellular, DUCTS
Function: Secretes products to epithelium (ex. protein)
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
Endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid and adrenal)
Structure: NO DUCTS
Function: secretes products into extracellular space by exocytosis (ex. hormones)
Areolar connective tissue
Wraps and cushions tissues, fights infection
Adipose connective tissue
absorbs shock, stores fat for energy
Reticular connective tissue
Provides support for cells, especially blood cells
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular, Dense Irregular
Dense Regular tissue
Resists tension, connects bone and muscle
Dense Irregular Tissue
Resists stretching and distension along multiple planes
Cartilage
Structure: Mostly water, avascular, flexible
Function: absorbs shock, maintains shape
Bone
Structure: Collagen and Ca salts
Function: support and protection, stores fat, forms blood cells
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle
Skeletal
Voluntary movement, striated
Cardiac Muscle
Striated, branched arrangement
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary, no striations
Nervous Tissue
Neurons, Neuroglia
Neurons
Generate and conduct nerve impulses
Neuroglia
Supports cells that insulate and protect neurons
Cutaneous Membrane (external)
Structure: epidermis on top, dermis below
Epidermis
Layers deepest to superficial:
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin)
Stratum Corneum
Dermis
Papillary layer (superficial)= fingerprints
Reticular layer (deep)= cleavage lines
Mucous Membrane (Internal)
Function: Line cavities open to the external environment
Location: Eyes, Respiratory tract
Serous Membrane
Function: Lines cavities closed to external environment
Structure: Parietal membrane and visceral membrane
Steps of tissue repair
- Injury occurs, histamine causes inflammation to dilate blood vessels
- Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue, established blood supply
- Scab detaches, epithelium thickens
Hypodermis
Connects skin to underlying structures, insulation
Pigments
Made of Melanin= shield nucleus from UV radiation, prevents cancer
Hair
Structure: dead keratinized cells
Function: prevents heat loss, shields sunlight
Nails
Structure: free edge, nail plate, root
Function: Protects distal/dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Sweat glands
Eccrine gland and Apocrine sweat gland
Eccrine gland
Structure: 99% water, NaCl, lactic acid
Function: regulates body temp via evaporation
Apocrine Sweat gland
Structure: Composed of more fats and proteins
Function: Triggered by emotional stress
Integumentary system
Protection, Excretion, Thermoregulation, Sensation
