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A&P Ear > A&P Ear > Flashcards

A&P Ear Flashcards

1
Q

All parts of the ear are associated with, or lie within the _________.

A

temporal bone

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2
Q

The _______ funnels air vibrations towards the middle ear.

A

external ear

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3
Q

The _______ is a cavity within the temporal bone that contains the ear ossicles.

A

middle ear

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4
Q

What conducts vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear?

A

ossicle bones

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5
Q

T/F The mastoid airs cells and pharyngotympanic tube are continuous with the tympanic cavity.

A

True

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6
Q

Where are the receptors for hearing housed? In which part of the ear is this structure located?

A 
convoluted tube (membraneous labyrinth) 
inner ear
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7
Q

The membraneous labyrinth is encased in a bony chamber called?

A

osseous labyrinth

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8
Q

Membraneous labyrinth contains endolymph or perilymph?

A

endolymph

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9
Q

Bony labyrinth contains endolymph or perilymph?

A

perilymph

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10
Q

The _______ is “S” shaped in the adult and straighter in an infant.

A

external auditory meatus

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11
Q

The external auditory meatus is cartilaginous in its outer ________ and osseous in the inner ______.

A

outer one third

inner two thirds

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12
Q

What separates the external ear from the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane

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13
Q

At the center, the tympanic membrane attaches to which ossicle bone of the ear?

A

the handle of the malleus

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14
Q

The tympanic membrane consists of a central fibrous core which is interposed between a thin layer of skin on the side of the ________ and one of mucosa on the side of the _______.

A

external acoustic meatus

tympanic cavity

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15
Q

The attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane is called?

A

umbo- meaning knob

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16
Q

Above the jumbo, the ______ of the malleus also attaches to the tympanic membrane.

A

lateral process

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17
Q

The ___ _______ of the tympanic membrane lacks the central layer of fibrous tissue.

A

pars flaccida

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18
Q

The ossicles of the middle ear extend between the ______ and the _______ of the inner ear.

A

tympanic membrane

vestibule

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19
Q

The tympanic cavity lies mainly within the _______ part of the temporal bone.

A

petrous

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20
Q

Sensory innervation to the tympanic membrane is supplied by?

A

Mainly CN5 with help from CN7 and CN10 (her words from the lecture haha)

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21
Q

What seperates the tympanic cavity from the middle cranial fossa?

A

tegmen tympani

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22
Q

Infection of the ear can also infect ___________ that can allow the infection to travel into the blood.

A

mastoid air cells

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23
Q

The inferior part of the anterior jugular wall separates the tympanic cavity from the _______ _______.

A

carotid canal

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24
Q

The superior part of the anterior wall separates the anterior wall from the auditory tube and the canal from _____ ______

A

tensor tympani

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25
Q

The bony cavities of the inner ear are called

A

bony labyrinth

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26
Q

Bony labyrinth contains ________ that contains Na and are lined with ________.

A

perilymph

periosteum

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27
Q

The bony labyrinth consists of what 3 things?

A

vestibule (utricle and saccule)
semicircular canals
cochlea

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28
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth suspended in? What is it filled with?

A

perilymph of bony labyrinth

endolymph

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29
Q

T/F Endolymph contains Na.

A

FALSE. Endolymph contains K.

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30
Q

Membraneous labyrinth contains what 4 things?

A

semicircular ducts
cochlea ducts
utricle
saccule

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31
Q

The cochlea contains 3 fluid filled chambers called?

A

scala vestibule
scala media (cochlear duct)
scala tympani

32
Q

What separates scala vestibule from scala media?

A

Vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

33
Q

What separates scala media from scala tympani?

A

basilar membrane

34
Q

Auditory receptors are attached to _______ membrane.

A

basilar

35
Q

Organ of Corti extends from the _____ to _______ of cochlea.

A

base to apex

36
Q

organ or corti consists of _______ membrane and _______ _______.

A

tectoral membrane

hair cells

37
Q

What is the thickened periosteal lining of the bony cochlea forming the outer wall of the cochlear duct?

A

spiral ligament

38
Q

Vibrations of the ossicles, applied at the _____ ______, spread through the cochlea and induce vibrations in the _______ ________.

A

oval window

basilar membrane

39
Q

The vibrations in the basilar membrane is transduced into _______ nerve excitation by the ______ _______.

A

afferent nerve excitation

hair cells

40
Q

Pressure of the inner ear is dissipated at the _______ ______.

A

round window

41
Q

The utricle and saccule contain receptors which respond to _______ acceleration.

A

liner acceleration

42
Q

The receptors in the semicircular canals respond to ________ acceleration.

A

angular

43
Q

______ vibrates onto the oval window creating vibrations in the fluid

A

stapes

44
Q

scala media (aka cochlear duct) of the cochlea contains perilymph or endolymph?

A

endolymph

45
Q

scala vestibule and scala tympani contain perilymph or endolymph?

A

perilymph

46
Q

The spiral ganglion is a _______ ganglion embedded in the petrous part of temporal bone and provides _______.

A

sensory

auditory information

47
Q

_______ _____ are important for detecting vibrations in the basilar membrane.

A

hair cells

48
Q

Nerve involved with auditory and vestibular input is?

A

CN 8

49
Q

The ______ communicates with the saccule and the semicircular canals.

A

utricle

50
Q

What detects horizontal acceleration?

A

utricle

51
Q

What communicates with the cochlear duct and detects vertical acceleration?

A

saccule

52
Q

Semicircular canals respond to ________ acceleration.

A

rotational

53
Q

_______ tell you brain which way you are moving.

A

kinocilia

54
Q

_______ _______ ______ respond to gravity and cause movement of kinocilia.

A

calcium carbonate crystals (otoliths)

55
Q

The movement of ______ bends sterocilia and kinocilia.

A

endolymph

56
Q

Hair cells have stereocilia and kinocilia that release

A

neurotransmitters

57
Q

The dendrites of the hair cells end up forming which nerve?

A

vestibular nerve

58
Q

Vestibular ganglion (aka scarpa’s ganglion) sends its input to _______ ______

A

vestibular nucleus

59
Q

Hair cells contain one ______ and 60-100 ________ which are actually microvilli.

A

kinocilia

steriocilia

60
Q

Neurotransmitters released to dendrites of hair cells is ________ or maybe _______

A

gluatmate

aspartate

61
Q

If hair cells bend toward the kinocilia, amount of neurotransmitter released (increases/decreases) which then (increases/decreases) the velocity of the action potential.

A

increases

increases

62
Q

If hair cell bends away from kinocilia, amount of neurotransmitter released (increases/decreases) which then (increases/decreases) the velocity of the action potential.

A

decreases

decreases

63
Q

Neurons interprete the velocity of action potentials produced by the neurotransmitter release and and tells the brain what?

A

which way you are moving

64
Q

Utricle and saccule contain a ______ that contains a patch of hair cells.

A

maccula

65
Q

T/F all of the kinocilia face the same direction in the maccula.

A

False- utricle and saccule have different planes of motion, so we need kinocilia to face different directions to detect different directions of movement

66
Q

Blind sac that reabsorbs endolymph

A

endolymphatic sac

67
Q

Vibration of the ________ ________ and the organ of corti results in bending of hair cell stereocilia.

A

basilar membrane

68
Q

Bending of the stereocilia causes a change in ______ _______ at the apical surface of the cell, a current flow and a resultant ________ ________.

A

ionic conductance

voltage change

69
Q

Normal human hearing is ____- ______ Hz

A

50-16,000 Hz

70
Q

Human speech is ___-_____Hz.

A

100-8000 Hz

71
Q

T/F All of the basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency.

A

False- the part of the basilar membrane vibrating, determines the frequency you receive

72
Q

Toward the oval window on the basilar membrane, (higher/lower) frequencies are produced.

A

higher

73
Q

Perception of frequency is a function of what two things?

A

1) location of stimulation on basilar membrane

2) hair cell type

74
Q

What synthesizes and secretes endolymph?

A

stria vasularis

75
Q

The bony part of the cochlea is the _______.

A

modiolus

A&P Ear (1 decks)

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