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anatomy and physiology > a&p chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

a&p chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the body’s structure

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2
Q

regional anatomy

A

body areas

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3
Q

cytology

A

study of the cell + structures

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4
Q

systematic ANATOMY

A

organ systems

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5
Q

absorption

A

moving nutrients into the blood stream

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6
Q

physiology

A

study of the body’s function

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7
Q

systematic PHYSIOLOGY

A

functions of the organ system

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8
Q

histology

A

study of tissues + structures

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9
Q

pathophysiology

A

effects of diseases

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10
Q

metabolism

A

use of nutrients to extract energy

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11
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs working together

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12
Q

organism

A

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

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13
Q

cell

A

fundamental subunit of living organisms

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14
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal environment

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15
Q

effector

A

carries instructions

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16
Q

diseases

A

disruption in homeostasis

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17
Q

stimulis

A

change in environment

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18
Q

compensatory response

A

action to return to set point

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19
Q

ECF (extra cellular fluid)

A

cushions cells / plays a role in homeostasis

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20
Q

gross anatomy

A

macroscopic + visible to the naked eye

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21
Q

developmental anatomy

A

conception to death

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22
Q

cell physiology

A

process within and between cells

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23
Q

ingestion

A

taking in food

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24
Q

secretion

A

production / release of substance for function

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25
Q

organ

A

consists of multiple tissue types performing major function

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26
Q

sensor (receptor)

A

receives stimulus

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27
Q

surface anatomy

A

exterior features “outside” body

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28
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

cells and molecules

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29
Q

organ physiology

A

functions of specific organs

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30
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into nutrients

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31
Q

excretion

A

removal of waste from cell / tissue / body

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32
Q

tissue

A

cells of similar type grouped to perform specific function

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33
Q

integrator (control center)

A

signals and sends

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34
Q

positive feedback

A

body moved away from stability. normal range is lost … used to speed up process

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35
Q

negative feedback

A

bring back body’s normalcy. to achieve normal range

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36
Q

60-40-20 rule

A

60% of body is liquid
40% body is intercellular
20% of body is extracellular

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37
Q

octet rule

A

to achieve a outer shell —- stability

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38
Q

element

A

produced naturally or artificially (ex. iron)

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39
Q

compound

A

occur in pure form or as members of a chemical combo

40
Q

bulk elements

A

the body requires in LARGE amounts
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur

41
Q

trace element

A

body requires in SMALL amounts

42
Q

ultra trace element

A

toxic in large amounts but vital in small (ex. arsenic)

43
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of an element

44
Q

electron -

A

NEGATIVITY charged subatomic particle. orbits around nucleus

45
Q

nucleus

A

core of an atom. occupied by protons and neutrons

46
Q

proton +

A

POSITVELY charged subatomic particle found IN the nucleus of the cell

47
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in nucleus

48
Q

neutron

A

uncharged subatomic particle found in atomic nucleus

49
Q

mass number

A

atomic weight

50
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms combine to form a distinctive type of particle

51
Q

molecular formula

A

number + atom in a molecule

52
Q

chemical bond

A

TWO surfaces or objects joined together

53
Q

electron shell

A

outside part of an atom around nucleus

54
Q

valence electrons

A

electron in the outermost shell

55
Q

ocet rule

A

8 electron in the orbit shell

56
Q

ion

A

negative ion and positive ion balanced in nucleus

57
Q

cations

A

positive (lost) ion
ex. sodium and calcium

58
Q

anions

A

negative (gained) ion

59
Q

iconic bond

A

attraction formed between ion of OPPOSITE charge

60
Q

COvalent bonds

A

two atoms SHARING a pair of electrons

61
Q

NON polar bond

A

even distribution
ex. oil

62
Q

polar bonds

A

uneven distribution
ex. water

63
Q

hydrogen bond “NOF”

A

relatively weak

64
Q

reactant

A

starting material

65
Q

product (like addition)

A

conclusion

66
Q

synthesis

A

FORM

67
Q

decomposition

A

BREAK

68
Q

exchange

A

TRADE

69
Q

reversible

A

CHANGE

70
Q

acid

A

release hydrogen ions in water
ex HCI

71
Q

bases

A

combine hydrogen ions
ex. NaOH

72
Q

salt

A

NaCl

73
Q

pH

A

more hydrogen; lower pH

74
Q

normal blood pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

75
Q

alkalemia blood pH

A

7.5-7.8
high fever & anxiety

76
Q

acidema blood pH

A

7.0-7.3
diarrhea & vomiting

77
Q

buffer

A

change in chemical that resis pH

78
Q

organic compounds

A

carbon atoms COvantley bonded to hydrogen

79
Q

carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen + oxygen
1:2:1 ratio

80
Q

monosaccharides

A

3 to 7 carbon atoms
ex. glucose

81
Q

disaccarides

A

contains two monosccarhies

82
Q

polysaccharides

A

complex carbs
ex. cellulose or glycogen

83
Q

lipid

A

nonpolar, greasy and oily
1+ fatty acid

84
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide

85
Q

triglycerides (fat)

A

glycerol + 3 fatty acid

86
Q

saturated fat

A

solid at room temp

87
Q

unsaturated fat

A

liquid at room temp

88
Q

phospholipid, steroid and tryglyceriods

A

fatty acid

89
Q

protein

A

structural materials
energy source
chemical messengers

90
Q

primary protein structure

A

amino acids

91
Q

secondary protein structure

A

folded by hydrogen bonds

92
Q

tertiary protein structure

A

3D

93
Q

quaternary protein structure

A

two or more polypeptides

94
Q

nucleotides

A

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group + nitrogen contains organic base

95
Q

DNA

A

genetic material
ATGC

96
Q

RNA

A

protein synthesis
AGCU

anatomy and physiology (2 decks)

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