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Basic chemistry > A&P Chapter 2 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following contains sodium:

A

D) NaCl.

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2
Q 
An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a(n):
A) anion.
B) cation.
C) isotope.
D) molecule.
E) radioisotope.
A

B) cation.

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3
Q 
3. The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of:
A) radiant energy.
B) potential energy.
C) electrical energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) mechanical energy.
A

C) electrical energy.

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4
Q 
4. Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound:
A) water
B) protein
C) steroid.
D) glucose.
E) triglyceride.
A

A) water

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5
Q 
5. The most abundant element in the human body is:
A) carbon.
B) oxygen.
C) calcium.
D) nitrogen.
E) hydrogen.
A

B) oxygen.

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6
Q 
6. Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction:
A) few particles.
B) lack of catalysts.
C) large particle size.
D) increased temperature.
E) decreased temperature.
A

D) increased temperature.

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7
Q 
7. The atomic number is equivalent to the number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in an atom.
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons and neutrons.
E) protons and electrons.
A

A) protons.

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8
Q 
8. The sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus of an atom.
A) electrons.
B) atomic mass.
C) radioisotopes.
D) atomic weight.
E) atomic number.
A

B) atomic mass.

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9
Q
  1. The major function of potassium is to:
    A) influence the pH of body fluids.
    B) serve as a salt in bones and teeth.
    C) make functional thyroid hormones.
    D) exist as the most abundant extracellular fluid.
    E) play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions.
A

play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contraction

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following is the role of magnesium:
    A) it is a major extracellular anion in its ionic form.
    B) it is needed to make functional thyroid hormones.
    C) it is present in bone and is an important cofactor for enzyme activity in a number of
    metabolic reactions.
    D) it is the major extracellular cation in its ionic form, and is important for water balance,
    conduction of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction
    E) it is a component of the functional haemoglobin molecule that
A

C) it is present in bone and is an important cofactor for enzyme activity in a number of
metabolic reactions.

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11
Q 
11. An atom with an atomic number of 14 will have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ electrons in its valence shell.
A) 2.
B) 4.
C) 8.
D) 10.
E) 14.
A

B) 4.

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12
Q
  1. An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four
    other atoms. This atom is now considered to be:
    A) an ion
    B) stable.
    C) a cation
    D) an anion
    E) a neutral atom
A

B) stable.

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13
Q 
13. An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is:
A) 2.
B) 6.
C) 8.
D) 14.
E) 20.
A

D) 14

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14
Q 
14. The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of:
A) protons plus neutrons
B) protons plus electrons
C) neutrons plus electrons.
D) protons in the atomic nucleus
E) electrons in the atomic nucleus.
A

D) protons in the atomic nucleus

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15
Q 
15. Isotopes have different numbers of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; thus they also have different \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) protons; atomic masses.
B) protons; atomic numbers.
B) neutrons; atomic masses.
C) neutrons; atomic numbers.
E) electrons; atomic numbers.
A

B) neutrons; atomic masses.

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16
Q 
16. An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n):
A) anion.
B) cation
C) proton.
D) isotope.
E) radioisotope.
A

B) cation

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17
Q 
17. The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the:
A) ions.
B) protons.
C) isotopes.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.
A

E) electrons.

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18
Q 
18. When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called:
A) ionic bond.
B) carbon bond.
C) hydrogen bond.
D) polar covalent bond.
E) nonpolar covalent bond.
A

E) nonpolar covalent bond.

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19
Q 
19. In the chemical reaction, HCl + NaOH →H2O + NaCl, the chemical NaOH is considered as:
A) salt.
B) acid.
C) base.
D) water.
E) product.
A

base

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20
Q
  1. In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units:
    A) carbon atom must be added to each bond.
    B) water molecules must be added to each bond.
    C) carbon atoms must be removed from each bond.
    D) water molecules must be removed from each bond.
    E) water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond.
A

B) water molecules must be added to each bond.

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21
Q 
21. The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n):
A) anabolic reaction.
B) synthesis reaction.
C) neutralization reaction.
D) decomposition reaction.
E) double replacement reaction.
A

D) decomposition reaction.

22
Q 
22. Monomers are joined together to form more complex molecules through:
A) synthesis reactions.
B) exchange reactions.
C) hydrolysis reactions.
D) neutralization reactions.
E) decomposition reactions.
A

A) synthesis reactions.

23
Q 
23. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for:
A) polarity.
B) surface tension.
C) enzyme structure.
D) denaturation of proteins.
E) nonpolar covalent bonding.
A

B) surface tension

24
Q 
24. Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid:
A) a solution with a pH of 2.4
B) a solution with a pH of 5.2
C) a solution with a pH of 6.4
D) a solution with a pH of 8.6
E) a solution with a pH of 10.1
A

C) a solution with a pH of 6.4

25
Q

25 A solution with a pH of 7:
A) is basic.
B) is acidic.
C) is neutral.
D) releases more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions into solution.
E) releases more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions into solution.

A

C) is neutral

26
Q 
26. Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule:
A) RNA.
B) cholesterol.
C) a fatty acid.
D) an amino acid.
E) hydrochloric acid.
A

E) hydrochloric acid.

27
Q 
27. Which of these vitamins is NOT fat-soluble:
A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin C.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.
E) vitamin K.
A

B) vitamin C.

28
Q 
28. Glucose and starch are examples of:
A) steroids.
B) proteins.
C) triglycerides.
D) phospholipids.
E) carbohydrates.
A

E) carbohydrates.

29
Q 
29. Which of the following groups of chemicals includes ONLY monosaccharides:
A) maltose, sucrose, lactose.
B) fructose, maltose, lactose.
C) glucose, fructose, maltose.
D) fructose, maltose, sucrose.
E) glucose, fructose, galactose.
A

E) glucose, fructose, galactose.

30
Q 
30 The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the:
A) salts
B) lipids
C) proteins.
D) nucleic acids.
E) carbohydrates.
A

C) proteins

31
Q 
31. A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called:
A) glycogen.
B) a steroid.
C) cholesterol.
D) a triglyceride.
E) a polysaccharide.
A

D) a triglyceride.

32
Q
  1. Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid:
    A) ATP contains four fused carbon rings.
    B) ATP has a polar region and a non-polar region.
    C) all nucleic acids have an amine and an acid functional group.
    D) all nucleic acids, such as ATP, function as catalysts to increase reaction rates.
    E) ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine.
A

E) ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine.

33
Q 
33. Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary:
A) guanine and uracil.
B) adenine and thymine.
C) adenine and guanine.
D) thymine and guanine.
E) cytosine and adenine.
A

B) adenine and thymine.

34
Q
  1. Enzymes:
    A) help regulate growth and development.
    B) are essential to virtually every biochemical reaction in the body.
    C) increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a million-fold.
    D) when absent or destroyed, cause all biochemical reactions to cease.
    E) are highly specialized proteins that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and
    some viruses.
A

C) increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a million-fold.

35
Q

35 Which of the following statements about enzymes is true:
A) they are not reusable.
B) they are not carbohydrates.
C) they are biological catalysts.
D) they are stable at high temperatures.
E) they are required in large amounts in order to be effective.

A

C) they are biological catalysts.

36
Q
  1. Saturated fats:
    A) have two fatty acid chains.
    B) contain many double bonds.
    C) exist as solids at room temperature.
    D) exist as liquids and are derived from plants.
    E) are formed from 4 interlocking carbon rings.
A

C) exist as solids at room temperature.

37
Q 
37. Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group:
A) DNA – lipids.
B) glycerol – proteins.
C) enzymes – proteins.
D) steroids – carbohydrates.
E) monosaccharides – nucleic acids.
A

C) enzymes – proteins.

38
Q 
38. Two or more polypeptides combine to form a complex structure called:
A) tertiary structure.
B) primary structure.
C) beta-pleated sheet.
D) secondary structure.
E) quaternary structure.
A

E) quaternary structure

39
Q

Which of the following statements about RNA is true:
A) RNA is a double helix.
B) RNA is single stranded.
C) RNA contains deoxyribose.
D) RNA is found only in the nucleus of the cell.
E) RNA is composed of cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine.

A

B) RNA is single stranded

40
Q 
40 The most common steroid is:
A) trans fat.
B) cholesterol.
C) triglyceride.
D) phospholipid.
E) unsaturated fat.
A

B) cholesterol.

41
Q 
41. The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by:
A) ionic bonds.
B) carbon bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) polar covalent bonds.
E) non-polar covalent bonds.
A

C) hydrogen bonds.

42
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about ATP is false:
    A) is a modified nucleotide.
    B) its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds.
    C) it provides the energy needed to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions.
    D) it drives the transport of certain solutes (e.g., amino acids) across cell membranes.
    E) it activates contractile
A

B) its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds.

43
Q 
43. Glycogen is the storage form of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in animals.
A) DNA.
B) lipids.
C) protein.
D) glucose.
E) amino acids.
A

D) glucose.

44
Q 
44. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are simple sugars containing between 3 and 7 carbon atoms.
A) Proteins.
B) Steroids.
C) Saturated fats.
D) Polysaccharides.
E) Monosaccharides.
A

E) Monosaccharides.

45
Q 
45 Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ electron(s).
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 4.
D) 8.
E) 18.
A

2

46
Q 
46. Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of:
A) carbon atoms.
B) oxygen atoms.
C) nitrogen atoms.
D) hydrogen atoms.
E) phosphorus-containing groups.
A

D) hydrogen atoms.

47
Q 
47. The sugar found in DNA is:
A) ribose.
B) starch.
C) lactose.
D) sucrose.
E) deoxyribose.
A

E) deoxyribose.

48
Q 
48. Which of these substances is an enzyme:
A) glucose.
B) oxidase.
C) nucleotide.
D) triglyceride.
E) omega-3 fatty acid.
A

B) oxidase.

49
Q
  1. Nucleotides are composed of:
    A) peptide bonds.
    B) four fused carbon rings.
    C) three fatty acid chains and one glycerol.
    D) amino acids with an amine group and an acid group.
    E) a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.
A

E) a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

50
Q 
50. Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called:
A) simple sugars.
B) double sugars.
C) disaccharides.
D) polysaccharides.
E) monosaccharides.
A

D) polysaccharides.

Basic chemistry (1 decks)

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