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The Human body an orientation > A&P Chapter 1 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
1. The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:
A) anatomy.
B) irritability.
C) physiology.
D) homeostasis.
E) negative feedback.
A

A) anatomy.

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2
Q

Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study:
A) examining the surface of a bone.
B) observing the parts of a reproducing cell.
C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope.
D) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses.
E) making a section through the heart to observe its interior.

A

D) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural
    organization of the human body:
    A) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.
    B) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level.
    C) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.
    D) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.
    E) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level.
A

A) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.

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4
Q 
4. The building blocks of all matter are known as:
A) cells.
B) atoms.
C) organs.
D) tissues.
E) organ systems.
A

A) cells.

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5
Q 
5. Haematopoiesis, or blood cell formation, is a function of the:
A) skeletal system.
B) nervous system.
C) muscular system.
D) respiratory system.
E) integumentary system.
A

A) skeletal system.

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6
Q
  1. The main function of the respiratory system is:
    A) produce sperm and eggs.
    B) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
    C) control body activities through hormones released into the blood.
    D) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal.
    E) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues.
A

B) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

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7
Q 
7. The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the:
A) skeletal system.
B) nervous system.
C) digestive system.
D) endocrine system.
E) integumentary system.
A

D) endocrine system.

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8
Q
  1. The muscular system consists of the:
    A) skeletal muscles.
    B) muscles of the heart.
    C) muscles in the walls of hollow organs.
    D) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart.
    E) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs
A

.D) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart.

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9
Q 
9. Which two organ systems include the pancreas:
A) urinary and respiratory systems.
B) digestive and endocrine systems.
C) reproductive and urinary systems.
D) digestive and respiratory systems.
E) endocrine and respiratory systems.
A

B) digestive and endocrine systems.

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10
Q 
10. Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues:
A) skeletal system.
B) nervous system.
C) lymphatic system.
D) endocrine system.
E) integumentary system.
A

E) integumentary system.

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11
Q
  1. What is the major function of the urinary system:
    A) produce off-springs.
    B) breakdown food into absorbable units.
    C) return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system
    D) eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body
    E) secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction
A

D) eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body

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12
Q 
12. Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function:
A) nutrients.
B) movement.
C) metabolism.
D) responsiveness.
E) maintaining boundaries.
A

A) nutrients.

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides:
    A) nervous system – excretion.
    B) respiratory system – digestion.
    C) nervous system – responsiveness.
    D) integumentary system – movement.
    E) Muscular system – maintaining boundaries.
A

C) nervous system – responsiveness.

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14
Q 
14. Which of these is NOT a survival need:
A) water.
B) oxygen.
C) nutrients.
D) reproduction.
E) body temperature.
A 
14. Which of these is NOT a survival need:
A) water.
B) oxygen.
C) nutrients.
D) reproduction.
E) body temperature.
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15
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system:
    A) receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response.
    B) receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response.
    C) effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response.
    D) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response.
    E) stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response.
A

D) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response.

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16
Q 
16. Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change:
A) effector.
B) receptor.
C) stimulus.
D) control center.
E) efferent pathway
A

B) receptor.

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17
Q
  1. Positive feedback systems:
    A) regulate heart and breathing rates.
    B) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced.
    C) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increased.
    D) regulate heart and breathing rates and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced.
    E) regulate heart and breathing rates and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and
    increases.
A

C) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increased.

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18
Q 
18. Which of the following is considered a normal body temperature:
A) 29 degrees Celsius
B) 35 degrees Celsius
C) 37 degrees Celsius
D) 42 degrees Celsius
E) 45 degrees Celsius
A

C) 37 degrees Celsius

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19
Q 
19. When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees:
A) deep.
B) distal.
C) medial.
D) superior.
E) proximal.
A

B) distal.

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20
Q 
20 Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
A) anterior and dorsal.
B) inferior and cranial.
C) anterior and ventral.
D) inferior and cephalad.
E) superior and cephalad.
A

C) anterior and ventral.

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21
Q 
21. Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans):
A) medial and distal.
B) distal and proximal.
C) medial and anterior.
D) superior and proximal.
E) posterior and intermediate.
A

B) distal and proximal.

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22
Q 
22. Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow:
A) gluteal region.
B) scapular region.
C) vertebral region.
D) calcaneal region.
E) antecubital region.
A

E) antecubital region.

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23
Q 
23. Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. Where is this region:
A) hip.
B) leg.
C) groin.
D) thigh.
E) buttock.
A

C) groin.

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24
Q
  1. In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions:
    A) the patellar region is distal to the popliteal region.
    B) the patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region.
    C) the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.
    D) the patellar region is superior to the popliteal region.
    E) the patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region.
A

C) the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

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25
Q 
25 Which body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions:
A) nasal cavity.
B) spinal cavity.
C) orbital cavity.
D) thoracic cavity.
E) abdominopelvic cavity.
A

E) abdominopelvic cavity.

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26
Q 
26. The lungs and heart are situated in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ body cavity.
A) spinal.
B) dorsal.
C) cranial.
D) thoracic.
E) abdominopelvic.
A

D) thoracic.

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27
Q 
27. Which of these body regions is located on the anterior side of the body:
A) gluteal.
B) sternal.
C) lumbar.
D) occipital.
E) popliteal.
A

B) sternal.

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28
Q 
28. The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the:
A) digital region.
B) carpal region.
C) axillary region.
D) brachial region.
E) antebrachial region.
A

A) digital region.

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29
Q 
29. The dorsal body cavity houses the:
A) tongue.
B) heart and lungs.
C) spinal cord and brain.
D) urinary and reproductive organs.
E) digestive and reproductive organs.
A

The dorsal body cavity houses the:

30
Q 
30 Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm:
A) nasal, oral, occipital
B) pelvic, pubic inguinal.
C) acromial, sacral, gluteal.
D) femoral, popliteal, patellar.
E) brachial, antecubital, carpal.
A

E) brachial, antecubital, carpal.

31
Q 
31. Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head:
A) oral.
B) nasal.
C) orbital.
D) buccal.
E) occipital.
A

E) occipital.

32
Q 
32. A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called:
A) frontal.
B) oblique.
C) coronal.
D) transverse.
E) median (midsagittal).
A

E) median (midsagittal).

33
Q 
33. Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity:
A) dorsal.
B) ventral.
C) sagittal.
D) coronal.
E) transverse.
A

E) transverse.

34
Q 
34. Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection:
A) spinal.
B) pelvic.
C) cranial.
D) thoracic.
E) abdominal.
A

E) abdominal.

35
Q

35 Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial:
A) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions.
B) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions.
C) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric regions.
D) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions.
E) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric regions.

A

A) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions.

36
Q 
36. The thoracic cavity is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the abdominopelvic cavity.
A) dorsal.
B) lateral.
C) inferior.
D) superior.
E) proximal.
A

D) superior.

37
Q 
37. The ribs are located in the:
A) right and left iliac regions.
B) right and left pubic regions.
C) right and left lumbar regions.
D) right and left inguinal regions.
E) right and left hypochondriac regions.
A

E) right and left hypochondriac regions.

38
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the stomach:
    A) the stomach is located medially.
    B) the stomach is located in the left lower quadrant.
    C) the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant.
    D) the stomach is located in the right lower quadrant.
    E) the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant.
A

C) the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant.

39
Q 
39. Group of cells that have a common function are termed:
A) organ.
B) tissue.
C) matrix.
D) membrane.
E) interstitial fluid.
A

B) tissue.

40
Q 
40. The region that is lateral to the umbilical region is known as:
A) lumbar.
B) inguinal.
B) epigastric.
C) hypogastric.
E) hypochondrial.
A

A) lumbar.

41
Q
  1. The highest level of structural organization in humans is the organ level.
A

False
The human body has 6 main levels of structural organization.
Organ level– an organ is a structure composed of at least two different tissue types that perform Organismal level–
The organismal level is the highest level of organization.

42
Q
  1. The endocrine system is the fast-acting body control system.
A

False

The nervous system of the body repsonds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate musclaes and glands

43
Q

The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathyroid are glands of the endocrine system

A

True

44
Q
  1. The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the bloodstream
A

True

45
Q
  1. The maintenance of boundaries between the internal organs of the body and the outside world is achieved by
    the endocrine system
A

False

integumentary system protects, vit D, receptors

46
Q
  1. Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions.
A

True

47
Q

The human body consists of approximately 60% to 80% water.

A

True

48
Q

In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.

A

False

savasana - palms up

49
Q

The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region

A

False The plantar refers to the sole of the foot

50
Q

Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part.

A

False

51
Q

The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region.

A

False

The hypogastric is inferior to the umbilical region

52
Q
  1. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
A

true

53
Q
  1. The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.
A

False

the spinal cavity posterior / dorsal

54
Q
  1. Transverse or horizontal sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
A

False Transverse, in half

55
Q

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

A

True

56
Q
  1. The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as homeostasis.
A

True

57
Q
  1. The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the epigastric region.
A

False

Lateral to the Hypogastric

58
Q
  1. Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the positive feedback mechanism.
A

True

59
Q

The lumbar region is associated with the hip and is situated lateral to the hypogastric region.

A

False Hips are near to the coccyx

60
Q
  1. The abdominopelvic cavity has nine quadrants and four regions.
A

False

4 abdominopelvic quandrants - right upper ruq. Left upper luq. right lower rlq. left lower llq

61
Q

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology.

A

Anatomyis the study of the structure and identity of body parts, whilephysiologyis the study of how these parts function and relate to one another.

62
Q
  1. List, and briefly define, the human body’s organization levels from smallest to largest.
A

Chemical: atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular: molecules form cells
Tissue: cells combine to form tissues
Organ: tissues combine to form organs
Organ system: group of organs that combine to accomplish a common purpose
Organismal: organs make up the living human being

63
Q
  1. Of the eight necessary human life functions, which one do you think is not absolutely necessary for us to survive on an organismal level? Explain your choice.
A

Reproduction – All the other functions are necessary to operate and survive as a human beings. Reproduction comes in to survive as a race.

64
Q
  1. List and explain the five survival needs of humans.
A

Food. Nutrients are taken in by the organism and broken down into smaller molecules that can be used by the body for energy and building cells.
Oxygen. Required for the breakdown of nutrients to harvest energy.
Water. Essential for body secretions and excretions.
Body temperature. Maintaining body temperature is essential for metabolic reactions.
Atmospheric pressure. Breathing and exchange of Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

65
Q
  1. Describe how a midsagittal section differs from a sagittal section.
A

Sagittal section is a cut lengthwise (into right and left parts). Midsagittal section is a cut down the median plane of the body (into EQUAL right and left parts)

66
Q
  1. Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein.
A

The cranial and spinal cavity. Cranial cavity contains the space inside the body skull. Spinal cavity extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column.

67
Q
  1. Compare and contrast the antecubital region to the olecranal region.
A

Antecubital region is the anterior surface of the elbow and the olecranal region is the posterior surface of the elbow. They are both part of the elbow but different sides.

68
Q

Explain how scratching an itch is an example of the negative feedback mechanism

A

Negative feedback is the your body responds to the stimulus and tries to stop it. When you get an itch, your body uses this feedback to make you scratch, relieving the itchy feeling.

69
Q

explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.

A

Distal = distant or further away from and Proximal = in proximity to or closer to.
Distal: knee is distal to the thigh - Proximal: elbow is proximal to the wrist

70
Q
  1. Describe anatomical position. Explain why anatomical position is used.
A

Anatomical position is when you are “standing at attention” with your hands facing forward. It is used because we need an initial reference point to make sure we aren’t looking at different parts and confusing where they are.

71
Q
  1. Describe the role of the effector in the negative feedback system.
A

The negative feedback system uses the body’s stimuli to do its job. The effector provides a means for the control centre response to the stimulus.

The Human body an orientation (1 decks)

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