A+P best class

Question 1

what features do all blood cells have in common

Answer 1

blood cells in the body get replaced all the time and not mitotically active

Question 2

what are the 3 types of blood cells

Answer 2

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocyte

Question 3

which of the 3 blood cells makes up the majority of the blood cells by volume

Answer 3

erythrocytes

Question 4

what is hematocrit

Answer 4

portion of total blood volume made up by erythrocytes

Question 5

how much of the erthrocytes makes up blood in body

Answer 5

around 50%

Question 6

what do erythrocytes do

Answer 6

blood cell type responsbile for respiratory gas transport

Question 7

what do leukocytes do

Answer 7

white blood cells serve for immune support

Question 8

what do thrombocyte do

Answer 8

platelets that serve some function in blood clotting

Question 9

which of the 3 types of blood cells is the only one that is a true cell type

Answer 9

leukocytes

Question 10

what is hematopoieses

Answer 10

production of blood cells in red bone marrow

Question 11

where do al blood cells arise from

Answer 11

hematopietic stem cell

Question 12

once a hematopietic stem cell can become any of the 3 types of blood cells and then once it chooses which type to become, it cannot change and it is stuck with this one

Question 13

red marrow produces billions of new blood cells per day

Question 14

the nuclei and most organelles are removed during cell development for the erythrocytes

Answer 14

true

Question 15

the benefit of having no organelles in erythrocytes is that they can maximize the oxygen they carry

Question 16

which protein is in charge of transporting oxygen in the blood

Answer 16

Hemoglobin

Question 17

what is the hemoglobin made up of

Answer 17

heme pigment bound to globin protein

Question 18

a globin protein is made up of ..

Answer 18

2 alpha and 2 beta chains

Question 19

each heme group has one at the center of?

Answer 19

Fe+ ion at the center

Question 20

the heme group has a Fe+ ion at the center to bind

Answer 20

to oxygen

Question 21

a single oxygen molecule can bind to _ molecules at a time..

Answer 21

4 molecules at a time

Question 22

why is it important that hemoglobin can bind and break free of oxygen very easily

Answer 22

b/c the faster the hemoglobin can break free of oxygen the faster the oxygen can be delivered to where it is needed

Question 23

what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange

Answer 23

Red blood cells are anaerobic meaning that the energy needs of red blood cells can be met without using any of the oxygen they carry so the red blood cells carry the oxygen but do not use the oxygen they carry

Question 24

what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange

Answer 24

high surface area(plasma membrane) :volume (intracellular fluid) means that there is a lot of area for the red blood cells to cross making it easy or a lot of space for red blood cells to deliver oxygen

Question 25

what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange

Answer 25

flattened disc shape of erthocytes make it easier or mean that oxygen is never to far from there

Question 26

what is erythropoiesis

Answer 26

the production of red blood cells through hematopoetiic stem cells which when they become committed (can't go back) this is known as proerthroblast

Question 27

**name of cells with red star for erythropoiesis

Answer 27

stem cell (hempatopietic stem cell(hemaocytoblast)-> commited cell (proerythroblast)-> developmental pathway-> ertythrocyte

Question 28

in which phase of erythropoiesis are the organelles removed

Answer 28

by the end of erythropoiesis

Answer 29

the production of erythrocyted is an extremely regulated process with erocythes being created and destroyed at fairly equal numbers

Question 30

what happens with too little erythrocyte

Answer 30

then there is not enough oxygen to get to delievered to the red blood cells

Question 31

what is the condition when there is not enough oxygen to get to delivered to the red blood cells

Answer 31

hypoxia

Question 32

what happens in the case there is too many erythrocytes

Answer 32

then the blood becomes more viscous and thicker, and this means the heart has to pump harder to pump blood and deliver oxygen to the blood

Question 33

what are the two hormones that play a factor in controlling erythropiesis

Answer 33

erythropoietin and testosterone

Question 34

what does erythropoietin do

Answer 34

stimulates erythrocyte production (only stimulates cells that are already commited to becoming a erthrocytes)

Answer 35

erythropoietin is constantly released in small amounts to ensure that there is the very regulated amount

Question 36

what causes an increase in erythropoietin

Answer 36

if a person has hypoxia which means they lack the proper oxygen then erythropoietin is stimulated so more red blood cells are produced and the person can get the oxygen they need

Question 37

what does testosterone do in erythropoiesis

Answer 37

so males tend to have more red blood cells than females because testorone leads to an increase in the erythropoietin that is stimulated

Question 38

what is the dietary needs for normal erythrocyte production

Answer 38

so amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates are all needed for building the membrane,

Question 39

what is the dietary needs for normal erythrocyte production

Answer 39

B-complex vitamins: B12 and folic acid which are important b/c prior to removing the organelles this is needed for DNA synthesis

Question 40

where is most of the iron supply in the body

Answer 40

65% of the body's iron supply is in hemoglobin

Question 41

where is the rest of the iron supply in the body that is not tied to hemoglobin

Answer 41

so this is free iron this cannot just be floating around in the body- so the iron not in hemoglobin is tied to a molecule transferrin- which is erythorcyte that takes up iron as needed

Question 42

what is the average lifespan of erythrocytes

Answer 42

120 days

Question 43

what happens to erythrocytes after 120 days (which is the lifespan)

Answer 43

hemoglobin has lost the ability to carry large oxygen amounts and less flexible

Question 44

why does it matter that red blood cells after 120 days are less flexible

Answer 44

so red blood cells have to squeeze through a blood vessel called a capillaries and after the lifespan it becomes harder and harder for red blood cells to squeeze through

Question 45

what are the functions of blood in the body

Answer 45

transport, homeostasis and protection

Question 46

how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport

Answer 46

the blood ensures nutrients are sent to the target organs,

Question 47

how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport

Answer 47

waste is not built up inside of the body tissue to prevent waste build up

Question 48

how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport

Answer 48

roles in endocrine so blood plays a role in transport ensure hormones go to the right place