A+P best class Flashcards
what features do all blood cells have in common
blood cells in the body get replaced all the time and not mitotically active
what are the 3 types of blood cells
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocyte
which of the 3 blood cells makes up the majority of the blood cells by volume
erythrocytes
what is hematocrit
portion of total blood volume made up by erythrocytes
how much of the erthrocytes makes up blood in body
around 50%
what do erythrocytes do
blood cell type responsbile for respiratory gas transport
what do leukocytes do
white blood cells serve for immune support
what do thrombocyte do
platelets that serve some function in blood clotting
which of the 3 types of blood cells is the only one that is a true cell type
leukocytes
what is hematopoieses
production of blood cells in red bone marrow
where do al blood cells arise from
hematopietic stem cell
once a hematopietic stem cell can become any of the 3 types of blood cells and then once it chooses which type to become, it cannot change and it is stuck with this one
red marrow produces billions of new blood cells per day
the nuclei and most organelles are removed during cell development for the erythrocytes
true
the benefit of having no organelles in erythrocytes is that they can maximize the oxygen they carry
which protein is in charge of transporting oxygen in the blood
Hemoglobin
what is the hemoglobin made up of
heme pigment bound to globin protein
a globin protein is made up of ..
2 alpha and 2 beta chains
each heme group has one at the center of?
Fe+ ion at the center
the heme group has a Fe+ ion at the center to bind
to oxygen
a single oxygen molecule can bind to _ molecules at a time..
4 molecules at a time
why is it important that hemoglobin can bind and break free of oxygen very easily
b/c the faster the hemoglobin can break free of oxygen the faster the oxygen can be delivered to where it is needed
what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange
Red blood cells are anaerobic meaning that the energy needs of red blood cells can be met without using any of the oxygen they carry so the red blood cells carry the oxygen but do not use the oxygen they carry
what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange
high surface area(plasma membrane) :volume (intracellular fluid) means that there is a lot of area for the red blood cells to cross making it easy or a lot of space for red blood cells to deliver oxygen
what are some of the other features that make erthocytes ideal for gas exchange
flattened disc shape of erthocytes make it easier or mean that oxygen is never to far from there
what is erythropoiesis
the production of red blood cells through hematopoetiic stem cells which when they become committed (can’t go back) this is known as proerthroblast
**name of cells with red star for erythropoiesis
stem cell (hempatopietic stem cell(hemaocytoblast)-> commited cell (proerythroblast)-> developmental pathway-> ertythrocyte
in which phase of erythropoiesis are the organelles removed
by the end of erythropoiesis
the production of erythrocyted is an extremely regulated process with erocythes being created and destroyed at fairly equal numbers
what happens with too little erythrocyte
then there is not enough oxygen to get to delievered to the red blood cells
what is the condition when there is not enough oxygen to get to delivered to the red blood cells
hypoxia
what happens in the case there is too many erythrocytes
then the blood becomes more viscous and thicker, and this means the heart has to pump harder to pump blood and deliver oxygen to the blood
what are the two hormones that play a factor in controlling erythropiesis
erythropoietin and testosterone
what does erythropoietin do
stimulates erythrocyte production (only stimulates cells that are already commited to becoming a erthrocytes)
erythropoietin is constantly released in small amounts to ensure that there is the very regulated amount
what causes an increase in erythropoietin
if a person has hypoxia which means they lack the proper oxygen then erythropoietin is stimulated so more red blood cells are produced and the person can get the oxygen they need
what does testosterone do in erythropoiesis
so males tend to have more red blood cells than females because testorone leads to an increase in the erythropoietin that is stimulated
what is the dietary needs for normal erythrocyte production
so amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates are all needed for building the membrane,
what is the dietary needs for normal erythrocyte production
B-complex vitamins: B12 and folic acid which are important b/c prior to removing the organelles this is needed for DNA synthesis
where is most of the iron supply in the body
65% of the body’s iron supply is in hemoglobin
where is the rest of the iron supply in the body that is not tied to hemoglobin
so this is free iron this cannot just be floating around in the body- so the iron not in hemoglobin is tied to a molecule transferrin- which is erythorcyte that takes up iron as needed
what is the average lifespan of erythrocytes
120 days
what happens to erythrocytes after 120 days (which is the lifespan)
hemoglobin has lost the ability to carry large oxygen amounts and less flexible
why does it matter that red blood cells after 120 days are less flexible
so red blood cells have to squeeze through a blood vessel called a capillaries and after the lifespan it becomes harder and harder for red blood cells to squeeze through
what are the functions of blood in the body
transport, homeostasis and protection
how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport
the blood ensures nutrients are sent to the target organs,
how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport
waste is not built up inside of the body tissue to prevent waste build up
how does the blood in the body serve a role in transport
roles in endocrine so blood plays a role in transport ensure hormones go to the right place
