A&P and Pathophysiology Flashcards
1
Q
INFECTION ACQUIRED IN A HOSPITAL
A
NOSOCOMIAL
2
Q
ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCE THAT IS APPLIED TO LIVING TISSUE
A
ANTISEPTIC
3
Q
INGESTION OF FOREIGN MATERIAL BY LEUKOCYTES
A
PHAGOCYTOSIS
4
Q
DEGENERATION WITH LOSS OF ELASTICITY AND OBSTRUCTION IN SMALL ARTERIES
A
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
5
Q
A GROUP OF CHRONIC DISEASES THAT CAUSE AIRFLOW BLOCKAGE AND BREATHING-RELATED PROBLEMS
A
COPD - CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
6
Q
CSF LEAKING FROM THE EAR
A
OTORRHEA
7
Q
OCCURS WHEN BLOOD ACCUMULATES BETWEEN THE SKULL AND THE DURA MATER
A
EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
8
Q
BRIGHT RED STREAKS OF BLOOD IN SPETUM
A
HEMOPTYSIS
9
Q
CESSATION OF ALL CARDIAC FUNCTION
A
CARDIAC ARREST
10
Q
INFECTION IN THE BRAIN CAUSED BY PRION
A
CREUTZFELD-JAKOB (CJD)
11
Q
EXCESSIVE SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE (GH)
A
ACROMEGALY
12
Q
IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDER THAT RESULTS IN THE OVERPRODUCTION OF THYROID HORMONES (HYPERTHYROIDISM). PATIENTS MAY HAVE EXOPHTHALMOS
A
GRAVES DISEASE
13
Q
MAIN NERVES OF YOUR PARASYMPATHEITC NERVOUS SYSTEM, INCREASES PERISTALSIS AND SECRETION IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT; CN 10
A
VAGUS NERVE
14
Q
DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING
A
DYSPHAGIA
15
Q
NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS - THE POINT OF FOCUS IS IN FRONT OF THE RETINA
A
MYOPIA
16
Q
RINGING SOUND IN THE EAR MAY ALSO BE THE FIRST SIGN OF OTOTOXICTY
A
TINNITUS
17
Q
SIX EYE MUSCLES THAT ARE ATTACHED TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE EYE AND ENALBE THE EYES TO MOVE IN ALL DIRECTIONS
A
EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES
18
Q
OCCURS WHEN THE BABY’S SPINE DOES NOT FULLY FORM DURING PREGNANCY. MIGHT NOT BE DISCOVERED UNTIL LATE CHILDHOOD OR ADULTHOOD
A
SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA
19
Q
CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT PREVENTS YOUR PANCREAS FROM MAKING INSULIN; DEVELOPS HYPOGLYCEMIA MORE OFTEN
A
TYPE 1 DIABETES
20
Q
MUSCLE PAIN DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN THAT’S TRIGGERED BY ACTIVITY AND RELIEVED BY REST
A
CLAUDICATION
21
Q
LARGEST CATEGORY OF PRIMARY MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS
A
GLIOMAS
22
Q
THE SPACE BETWEEN THE MEMBRANOUS LAYER OF THE ARACHNOID MATER AND THE PIA MATER AND SURROUNDS THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD
A
SUBARACHNOID SPACE
23
Q
CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMAITON
A
REDNESS, SWELLING AND LOSS OF FUNCTION
24
Q
BACTERIA THAT FORMS IN AN IRREGULAR CLUSTER OF SPHERES, MOST COMMONLY FOUND ON THE SKIN
A
STAPHYLOCOCCI
25
DRUG THAT RELIEVES FEVER AND SOME PAIN
ACETAMINOPHEN
26
BURN IN WHICH EPIDERMIS AND PART OF DERMIS IS DESTROYED, MAY ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS A DEEP SECOND-DEGREE BURN
DEEP PARTICAL-THICKNESS
27
MICROBES PRESENT IN BLOOD
BACTEREMIA
28
ENTRY OF PATHOGEN INTO THE BODY AND THE FIRST SIGNS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
INCUBATION PERIOD
29
2 TYPES OF BONE TISSUE
COMPACT AND CANELLOUS
30
FRACTURE OF THE DISTAL REDIUS
COLLES' FRACTURE
31
AN INJURY TO THE LIGAMENTS AROUND A JOINT
SPRAIN
32
REQUIRED BY LIVER TO SYNTHESIZE PROTHROMBIN
VITAMIN K
33
COMMON ANTICOAGULANT
HEPARIN
34
ORGAN THAT DESTROYS OLD ERYTHROCYTES, PART OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
SPLEEN
35
FIRST ARTERIES THAT BRANCH OFF THE AORTA, MAIN FUNCTION IS TO SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE HEART
CORONARY ARTERIES
36
CELLS THAT PRODUCE NEW BONE
OSTEOBLASTS
37
LAYER OF SKIN THAT LACKS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES, THE OUTER LAYER
EPIDERMIS
38
RARE BUT SERIOUS CONDITION THAT CAUSES ABNORMAL BLOOD CLOTTING THROUGHOUT THE BODY'S BLOOD VESSELS
DIC - DISSEMINATE INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
39
PRESENCE OF STONES WITHIN THE CBD
CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
40
MOST COMMON TYPE OF HEPATITIS
HCV
41
LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS AND OCCURS WHEN A PORTION OF THE INTESTINE FOLDS LIKE A TELESCOPE WITH ONE SEGMENT SLIPPING INSIDE ANOTHER SEGMENT
INTUSSUSCEPTION
42
FORMED BY THREE OPENINGS IN THE FLOOR OF THE URINARY BLADDER, TWO OF THE OPENINGS ARE FROM THE URETERS
TRIGONE
43
THE MOST COMMON RENAL CANCER IN THE PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
WILMS TUMOR
44
PH OF URINE
4.5 - 8.0
45
SITE WHERE MOST COLON CANCER USUALLY METASTASIZE
LIVER
46
INFLAMMATION OF THE GLANS PENIS
BALANITIS
47
CONDITION IN WHICH ONE OR BOTH TESTES FAIL TO DESCEND FROM THE ABDOMEN INTO THE SCROTUM
CRYPTORCHIDISM
48
BLEEDING FROM THE UTERUS BETWEEN MENSTRUAL PERIODS, USUALLY COMMON FOR TEENAGERS AND WOEMN NEARING MENOPAUSE
METORRHAGIA
49
FLUID IN THE SAC WHICH NORMALLY SURROUNDS THE TESTICLE, OFTEN FOUND IN NEWBORN BOYS ESPEICALLY PREMATURE INFANTS
HYDROCELE
50
NONINVASIVE DYSPLASIA, HAVE NOT SPREAD TO NEARBY TISSUE
CARCINOMA IN SITU
51
DRUG THAT IS SOMETIMES ADMINISTERED TO WOMEN FOLLOWING CHILDBIRTH TO STIMULATE UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
OXYTOCIN
52
DEAFNESS THAT MAY BE CAUSED BY EXCESSIVELY LOUD SOUNDS, PATIENT MAY RECEIVE COCHLEAR IMPLANT
SENSORINEURAL
53
REMOVAL OF THE LENS OF THE EYE
TREATMENT FOR CATARACT
54
THE INNER TUNIC OF THE EYE, THIS LAYER SENSES LIGHT AND SENDS SIGNALS TO THE BRAIN
RETINA
55
WHICH VENTRICLE SECRETES MOST CSF FROM THE CHOROID PLEXUSES
LATERAL VENTRICLES
56
BACTERIA THAT ARE HIGHLY RESISTANT TO STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
SPORES
57
ORGANIMS MOST FREQUENTLY FOUND IN BURNS
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA)
58
BACTERIA THAT IS THE COMMON CAUSE FOR POSTOPERATIVE WOUND INFECTIONS
S. AUREUS
59
WHICH PHASE OF HEALING IS A SCAB FORMED
INFLAMMATORY
60
BURNS THAT CAUSE DESTRUCTION OF THE ENTIR THICKNESS OF SKINS
THIRD DEGREE
61
A DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA WOULD BE CONSIDERED WHAT WOUND CLASSIFICATION
CLEAN WOUND/CLASS I
62
WOUND CLASSIFICATION THAT IS INDICATED BY A DELAYED CLOSURE
THIRD INTENTION
63
GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT FILLS THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER AND NOURISHES THE EYE
AQUEOUS HUMOR
64
REGULATES THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE
IRIS
65
HIGH WBC
LEUKOCYTOSIS
66
2 ELECTROLYTES IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL CARDIAC CONTRACTIONS
POTASSIUM & CALCIUM
67
WHAT'S THE VEIN THAT DRAINS THE INTRACRANIAL VENOUS SINUSES
EMISSARY
68
ARTERIES THAT SUPPLIES BLOOD TO BRAIN
VERTEBRAL & INTERNAL CAROTIDS
69
SEPARATES THE FRONTAL AND TEMPORAL LOBES
FISSUE OF SYLVIUS
70
VEINS THAT DRAINS RIGHT SIDE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
AZYGOS
71
PRODUCES SPINAL FLUID
CHOROID PLEXUS
72
WHERE IS THE WHITE LINE OF HILTON
BETWEEN THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTERS
73
WHICH ARTERY DIVIDES INTO THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES
INTERNAL CAROTID
74
NERVE THAT INNERVATES THE SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE
LONG THORACIC
75
LYMPH NODES BETWEEN THE PECTORALIS MAJOR AND MINOR
ROTTER
76
FLEXURE BETWEEN TRANSVERSE AND DESCENDING COLON
SPLENIC
77
VEIN THAT DRAINS THE DIAPHRAGM
VEINS OF SAPPEY
78
NERVE THAT IS A POSTERIOR BRANCH OF THE VAGUS THAT MUST BE IDENTIFIED DURING TRUNCAL VAGOTOMY
NERVE OF GRASSI
79
CYSTIC DUCT, COMMON HEPATIC DUCT, AND LOWER EDGE OF THE LIVER ARE STRUCTURES THAT IDENTIFY
TRIANGLE OF CALOT
80
VEIN SHARED BY PANCREAS AND LIVER
PORTAL
81
GREAT SENSORY NERVE OF THE FACE AND HEAD
TRIGEMINAL
82
UTERINE ARTERY IS A BRANCH OF WHICH ARTERY
INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY
83
AREA BOUNDED BY THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE, INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VESSLES AND INGUINAL LIGAMENT
HESSELBACH'S TRIANGLE
84
NERVE THAT INNERVATES THE LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSLCE (HINT: LATERAL TO THE LONG THORACIC)
THORACODORSAL
85
CONTAINS PURULENT EXUDATE
ABSCESS
86
4 STAGES OF WOUND HEALING
HEMOSTASIS
INFLAMMATION
PROLIFERATION
REMODELING
87
CAN SURVIVE HIGH TEMPERATURES AND DRY ENVIRONMENT
ENDOSPORE
88
THE TIME FROM WHICH A PATHOGEN ENTERS THE BODY UNTIL FITRST SIGNS OF INFECTION
INCUBATION PERIOD
89
LACKS A AND B ANTIGENS, MAKING IT A UNIVERSAL BLOOD TYPE
TYPE 0
90
EARLY SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA
FATIGUE
DYSPNEA
PALLOR
91
BIRTH DEFECT OF THE HEART WHICH THERE IS A HOLE IN THE SEPTUM THAT SEPARATES THE VENTRICLES
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)
92
MOST DANGEROUS ARRHYTHMIA
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
93
AN EYE CONDITION THAT IS OFTEN PAINLESS AND INVOLVES A DARK SHADOW OR "CURTAIN" ON THE SIDES OR IN THE MIDDLE OF VISUAL FIELD
RETINAL DETACHMENT
94
SIGNS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
DIZZINESS
FEELING HUNGRY
CONFUSION
SHAKING
95
THICKENING OR SWELLING OF THE PYLORUS THAT CAUSES SERVE AND FORCEFUL VOMITING
PYLORIC STENOSIS
96
VIRAL INFECTION OF THE PAROTID GLAND; FEWER CASES TODAY BECAUSE OF THE MMR VACCINE
MUMPS
97
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A REFERENCE, WHAT MUSCLE FORMS THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BORDERS OF THE SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
98
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A REFERENCE, WHAT STRUCTURE ENTERS THE LARYNX AT THE LATERAL JUNCTURE OF THE CRICOID AND THYROID CARTILAGES
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
99
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF HERNIAS
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A REFERENCE, WHAT NERVE PASSES THROUGH THE INGUINAL CANAL
ILIOINGUINAL NERVE
100
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE DUDOENUM
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A REFERENCE, WHAT STRUCTURE IS THE SUSPENSORY MUSCLE OF THE DUODENUM
LIGAMENT OF TREITZ
101
YOUR PATIENT IS UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) FOR A SUSPECTED COMMON BILE DUCT STONE. WHAT TWO STRUCTURES COMBINE TO FORM THE COMMON BILE DUCT?
CYSTIC DUCT & COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
102
WHAT STRUCTURE OF THE BILIARY TREE IS FORMED BY THE CONVERGENCE OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT AND PANCREATIC DUCT?
HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA OF VATER
103
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, WHAT LYMPH NODE IS LOCATED WITHIN CALOT'S TRIANGLE?
LUND'S NODE
104
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, WHAT'S THE MEDIAL BORDER OF CALOT'S TRIANGLE?
COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
105
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, WHILE ASSISTING ON A LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY, THE SURGEON NEEDS TO IDENTIFY A VESSEL CROSSING CALOT'S TRINAGLE. WHAT WOULD YOU POINT OUT?
CYSTIC ARTERY
106
THE ILLISTRATION BELOW SHOWS A PATIENT WITH LONG-STANDING AXILLARY NERVE PALSY. WHAT MUSCLE HAS UNDERGONE DENERVATION ATROPHY?
DELTOID
107
YOUR SURGEON STRUGGLES TO IDENTIFY THE APPENDIX DURING LAPAROSCOPY. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON POSITION OF THE APPENDIX?
RETROCECAL
108
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE APPENDIX IS VIA THE APPENDICULAR ARTERY. WHAT VESSEL DOES IT DIRECTLY ARISE FROM?
ILEOCOLIC ARTERY
109
BELOW IS AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE DISTAL HUMERUS. WHICH LABEL CORRESPONDS TO THE RADIAL FOSSA?
G
110
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, DURING THE COURSE, THE PUDENDAL NERVE CROSSES WHAT LIGAMENT?
SACROSPINOUS
111
WHAT TERM TO REFERS TO A MOVEMENT THAT DECREASES THE ANGLE OF A JOINT?
FLEXION
112
MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE
ABDUCTION
113
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, THE STRUCTURE ACTS AS A CONDUIT BETWEEN THE FOREBRAIN ABOVE THE PONS AND CEREBELLUM BELOW (AKA MESENCEPHALON)
MIDBRAIN
114
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, THE STRUCTURE IS A STRONG TRAINGULAR LIGAMENT OF THE GENOHUMERAL JOIINT. ALSO, SERVES AS AN IMPORTANT LANDMARK FOR SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY.
CORACOACTROMIAL LIGAMENT
115
IDENTIFY
TYPICAL SUCTION TIPE USED IN LUMBAR SPINE SURGERY
FRAZIER
116
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, IDENTIFY A & B - THESE NERVE STRUCTURE PAIRS ARE PRESENT AND SHOULD BE IDENITFIED AND PRESERVED DURING INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR, ESPECIALLY IN AN OPEN REPAIR
A = ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE
B = ILIOINGUINAL NERVE
117
USING THE DIAGRAM AS A GUIDE, THIS STRUCTURE IS A GROOVE ON THE LIVER'S SURFACE, OFTEN USED AS A LANDMARK DURING CHOLECYSTECTOMY TO AVOID INJURY TO THE BILE DUCTS.
ROUVIERE'S SULCUS
