A&P Flashcards
the central nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of
the peripheral nerves
The cerebrum consists of (3 parts)
cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system
function of the cortex
functions in higher brain processes such as thought and action. controls all voluntary activity (with the help of the cerebellum)
right and left cortex function
divided into two hemispheres
right side associated with creativity and the left side with logic
what connects the two hemispheres
the corpus callosum a bundle of axons
the 4 lobe divisions of the cerebral cortex
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
purpose of frontal lobe
reasoning, problem solving, parts of speech, movement and emotion
prefrontal cortex purpose
planning and consequences of action
purpose of parietal lobe
perception/recognition of stimuli, orientation and movement (body sensation and somatosensory)
purpose of temporal lobe
memory, perception/recognition of auditory stimuli and speech
purpose of occipital lobe
visual processing
basal ganglia function
voluntary motor movement, coordination, cognition and emotion
limbic system includes (4 parts)
thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus
amygdala location and purpose
located: in the temporal lobe
involved in memory, emotion and fear
hippocampus purpose
learning and memory
converts short-term memory into long term memory
diencephalon two parts
thalamus and hypothalamus
location and function of the thalamus
located deep in the forebrain
processes nearly all sensory & motor information
relays info to and from overlying cortex
last relay site to all sensory input (except olfaction) before the information about sensory input reaches the cortex
location and function of the hypothalamus
located below and ventral to the thalamus
controls homeostasis
brainstem purpose and divisions (3)
controls vital life functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
midbrain purpose
controls eye movement, relays visual and auditory information
pons purpose
regulates breathing, serves as a relay station between the cerebral hemisphere and the medulla. involved in motor control and sensory input
medulla oblongata purpose
extension of the spinal cord (between pons and spinal cord)
regulated vital body functions (along with the pons) such as heart rate, breathing, autonomic centers, swallowing and coughing
cerebellum location
posterior to the medulla
cerebellum function
maintains posture and balance, coordinates voluntary movement and controls certain head and eye movements
CN I
olfactory
olfactory function
sensory
smell
CN II
optic
optic function
sensory
visual acuity, visual fields, pupillary light reflex (swinging light test)
CN III
oculomotor
oculomotor function
motor
inferior rectus, ciliary body
CN IV
trochlear
trochlear function
motor
superior oblique rectus
CN V
trigeminal
trigeminal function
both (M/S)
M: muscles of mastication, closing jaw, moves chin side to side
S: light tough (with cotton wisp) to test the 3 divisions of nerve
three divisions of trigeminal sensory nerve
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
CN VI
abducens
abducens function
motor lateral rectus (lateral gaze)
CNs that help with EOM
III, IV, VI
CN VII
facial
facial function
both (M/S)
M: muscles of facial expression
S: taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
somatic fibers expend to external ear
CN VIII
acoustic vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochlear function
sensory
hearing: speech, Weber & Rinne test
vestibular function: balance and proprioception
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
glossopharyngeal function
both (M/S)
M: swallow/gag reflux
S: taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
CN X
vagus
Vagus function
both (M/S)
M: voice, soft palate, gag reflux
S: relays to the brain sensory information about organs
CN XI
accessory
accessory function
Motor
shoulder shrug, turning head from side to side
CN XII
hypoglossal
hypoglossal function
motor
tongue: inspect for fasciculation and asymmetry
