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HESI EXAM > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic of viral herpes

A

Skin eruption

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2
Q

When a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum what is damaged?

A

Vomer

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3
Q

What is a structure found in the upper respiratory system?

A

Pharynx

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4
Q

A person who has da,age to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in their?

A

Arm

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5
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid

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6
Q

What gland secretes chemicals into the blood stream?

A

Endocrine gland

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7
Q

Diet is important because bone are storage places for

A

Calcium and phosphorous

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8
Q

What organ is apart of both the male and female reproductive system

A

Urethra

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9
Q

What do ligaments provide connection to

A

Bone to bone

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10
Q

What structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

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11
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by what molecule?

A

Lactic acid

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12
Q

As a part of the negative feedback system what type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in response to decrease calcium in the blood?

A

Osteoclasts

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13
Q

Sweat on the skins surface cools the body through which process?

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

When accessing a female who describes herself as vegetarian, the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the patient if has eaten a large amount of what?

A

Carrot and squash

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15
Q

Whites position describes anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward.

A

Palms of the hands facing anterior

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16
Q

Which structure is a ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder

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17
Q

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus,incus, and stapes?

A

Skull ear

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18
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?

A

A tissue

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19
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

A

Popliteal

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20
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

A

Ear wax

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

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22
Q

What increases when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

A

Oral cavity

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24
Q

What structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

A

The cell membrane

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25
Q

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

A

Thoracic

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26
Q

What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

A

Involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep

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27
Q

What is the response in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?

A

What’re is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate

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28
Q

What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)

A

Play a role in blood clotting

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29
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoral group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity?

A

Vastus lateralis

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30
Q

What structure is located on the sternum

A

Xiphoid process

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31
Q

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

A

Head

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32
Q

What structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

What gland is known as he master gland

A

Pituitary gland

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34
Q

A sprain occurs when there is a tear in what structure

A

Ligament

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35
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis

A

Eccrine gland

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36
Q

Aqueous is fluid in what structure of the body

A

Eye

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37
Q

Dorsiflection, plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with what part of the body?

A

Foot

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38
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary veins

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39
Q

What part of the brain isinvolved in auditory function

A

Temporal lobe

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40
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

A

Cochlea

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41
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure

A

Fallopian tubes

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42
Q

Where is the tubialls anterior muscle located?

A

Lower leg

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43
Q

An over production of cerumen can accumulate in what area?

A

External ear canal

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44
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax

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45
Q

The mitral valve is located between what two structures?

A

Left ventricle and left atrium

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46
Q

The olfactory nerves is associated with what sense?

A

Smell

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47
Q

What vessel carries blood from the body to the heart

A

Vena cava

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48
Q

What hormones does the ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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49
Q

What plane devices the body into left and right sides?

A

Sagittal

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50
Q

Two principal divisions that make up the nervous system

A

Peripheral (PNS) and the central (CNS)

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51
Q

Surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus what area is he describing

A

Epiphysis

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52
Q

What part of the brain connect to the spinal chord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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53
Q

What Ted is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

A

Abduction

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54
Q

What structure provides a pulse reading in the neck

A

Carotid artery

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55
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin

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56
Q

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin

A

Carry oxygen

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57
Q

What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?

A

Rise in co2 fall in o2

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58
Q

What condition causes the patient to say they can’t see far away

A

Nearsightedness

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59
Q

Golgi apparatus functions as

A

Process protein secretion

Synthesize carbs and glycoproteins

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60
Q

What organ produces insulin

A

Pancreas

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61
Q

Fertilization occurs in the?

A

Oviduct

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62
Q

When drawing blood from antecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

A

Median cubical

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63
Q

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

A

Testosterone and estrogen

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64
Q

Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what ph changes in blood?

A

Alkalosis

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65
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning

A

Temporal

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66
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Regulates the function of the body,balance,

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67
Q

How many carbs per gram do carbohydrates contain?

A

4

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68
Q

When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called what?

A

Osmosis

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69
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

To make the body more acidic

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70
Q

What plane divides the body from left to right

A

Sagittal plane

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71
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?

A

Lumbar

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72
Q

Hi levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest

A

Potassium

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73
Q

What blood vessel prefixes the kidney

A

Renal vein

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74
Q

What brand is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

A

Thyroid gland

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75
Q

And white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis

A

Macrophages, neutrophils

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76
Q

What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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77
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?

A

Retina

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78
Q

What is the outer most protective layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

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79
Q

The organ of corti is located in?

A

Ear

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80
Q

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed

A

Small intestine

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81
Q

What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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82
Q

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?

A

Synthesize proteins

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83
Q

What is the response of the cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?

A

Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate

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84
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

A

Protein

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85
Q

What is the definition of chyme?

A

Bolus that turns into soupy substance

The result of action by the stomach

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86
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers

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87
Q

What female reproductive organ produces a oocytes, estrogen, progesterone?

A

Ovaries

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88
Q

What structure is located in the upper airways?

A

Nose,pharynx

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89
Q

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucus through the lining of tubules ?

A

Cilia

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90
Q

What is a hollow organ?

A

Gall bladder

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91
Q

Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group?

A

Rectus femoris, Vastis lateralis, Vastis medilis , Vastus intermedius

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92
Q

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function

A

Medulla oblongata

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93
Q

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

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94
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH & Oxytocin

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95
Q

Patient has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this affect?

A

Head hurts, sickness, low blood pressure

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96
Q

What structure produces B lymphocytes

A

Red bone marrow

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97
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system has increased stimulation?

A

Blood pressure rises, goosebumps

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98
Q

The Botox are which surface of the body

A

Dorsal

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99
Q

The esophaguses is located in which body cavity?

A

Thoracic

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100
Q

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

A

External auditory canal and middle ear

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101
Q

How many days is in the average Menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

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102
Q

What structure produces T lymphocytes?

A

Thymas

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103
Q

A person who has damage the owner nerve will have decreased sensation in which area

A

Arm – inability to adduct arms and fingers

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104
Q

Calcaneus is located in?

A

Foot

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105
Q

Urinary system and the human body primary task is to?

A

Expel waste

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106
Q

What produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

A

Corpus luteum

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107
Q

What are fingerprints made

A

Friction ridges

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108
Q

ABCD of cancer

A

Melanoma

A: asymmetric
B: irregular borders
C: abnormal color
D: large diameter

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109
Q

What location with the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?

A

Pelvic region

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110
Q

What is it called when a joint’s angle increases?

A

Extension

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111
Q

What hormone is released by the posterior lobe

A

Oxytocin

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112
Q

What is the order of living things?

A

Organelle, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, organisms, population, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere

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113
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification

A

Flat bone of the face and cranial

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114
Q

Most obvious skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

115
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy and work from cell

116
Q

Passive transport and examples

A

Doesn’t require energy

Diffusion and osmosis

117
Q

Diffusion

A

The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient of form region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

118
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across a membrane

119
Q

Fibrous joint

A

I am available and held together by like a men’s only example – teeth in socket

120
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Connection between articulating bones made up of Cartlidge

121
Q

Synovial joint

A

Highly movable hinge, pivot, saddle

122
Q

Two types of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fusion and mitosis

123
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

124
Q

Calciferol is controlled by

A

Parathyroid

125
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Secretes oil

126
Q

Endocytosis

A

Engulfs and brings in

127
Q

Exocytosis

A

Fuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside the cell

128
Q

Pituitary gland produces

A

Adrenocortotropic hormone GH

129
Q

Adrenal gland secrets

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

130
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in

A

The mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy

131
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces

A

Energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen

132
Q

What part of the respiratory system is the upper respiratory system

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

133
Q

Aerobic respiration happens in presence of

A

Oxygen

134
Q

Where is the soft spots on a baby’s head

A

Frontanelle

135
Q

What do endocrine hormones do?

A

Growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

136
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis outer to enter

A

Cornermen, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Can lily grant Serena boys

137
Q

Top of sternum

A

Manubrium

138
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid

139
Q

Hat makes up plasma?

A

Water

140
Q

Polypeptides are

A

Chains of amino acids

141
Q

Mitosis

A

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

142
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water generates oxygen as a byproduct

143
Q

The ribs are attached to

A

The sternum

144
Q

Auricle

A

A thin pouch in the heart

145
Q

Inspiration

A

Expands the thoracic cavity

146
Q

Separates abdominal and thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

147
Q

Distal convulted tubule is controlled by

A

PTH

148
Q

HCL chemical in stomach, why is it not absorbed or harmful to the stomach

A

Mucus lining protects

149
Q

What part of the heart is the largest layer?

A

Left ventricle

150
Q

What makes colors of the skin

A

Melanin and melanocytes

151
Q

Distal convoluted tubule works with what hormone

A

ADH

152
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland

153
Q

Ligament

A

Bone to bone

154
Q

Tendon

A

Bone to muscle

155
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone forming cells

156
Q

Gallbladder is a part of the

A

Digestive system

157
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Extends knee and allows body to rise from squatting position

158
Q

Four steps of bone ossification

A

Hematoma formation, callus formation, ossification, bone remodeling

159
Q

Muscle concentration that moves food through the digestive system

A

Peristalsis

160
Q

Where are Schwann cells

A

Nervous system

161
Q

How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

A

Tells the muscles how to respond to the environment

162
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary movements

163
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary movements – sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

164
Q

Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth

A

Endocrine

165
Q

How does the one Fattic system work with the circulatory system

A

So lymphatic system draws excess fluid from the cells and deposit it into the blood vessels

166
Q

Function of the parathyroid

A

Activation of vitamin D

167
Q

What is a normal heart beat and blood

A

72 BPM120/80 pressure

168
Q

How is pepsin used in the body?

A

Breaks down proteins

169
Q

Esophagus is apart of what system

A

Digestive system

170
Q

What system produces antibodies

A

Lymphatic

171
Q

Blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle returns to the right atrium via

A

Coronary sinus

172
Q

Diploid

A

46 chromosomes

173
Q

Haploid

A

23 chromosomes

174
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. protection
  2. movement
  3. mineral storage
  4. protection of blood
175
Q

Efferent

A

Away from CNS

176
Q

Afferent

A

Towards CNS

177
Q

Ovum

A

Mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animals that can divide to give raise to an embryo usually only after fertilization By a male cell

178
Q

Gamete

A

Amateur haploid male or female so that is able to.unite with another of the opposite sex and sexual reproduction to form a zygote

179
Q

Capillaries

A

Carry blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients and oxygen and waste

180
Q

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called

A

External respiration

181
Q

What does most of the carbon dioxide in the blood do?

A

It is converted to biocarbonate ions by carbonic a hydrate within red blood cells.

182
Q

What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?

A

Production of gametes and production of hormones

183
Q

What tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs

A

Connective tissue

184
Q

What are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion

A

Eccrine glands

185
Q

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transformation of nerve impulses over which of the following?

A

Neurons

186
Q

Monocytes

A

Become macrophages

187
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Important in immune system

188
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytize microorganisms

189
Q

In order for inhalation to occur

A

Contraction of the diaphragm, which in large is the chest cavity and draws air in

190
Q

Functional units of the kidney

A

Nephrons

191
Q

Where does paralyzation occur

A

Fallopian tubes

192
Q

Cellular contact is important for

A

Wound healing

193
Q

Most abundant tissue

A

Connective tissue

194
Q

What are the steps in bone ossification

A
  1. hematoma formation
  2. callus formation
  3. Ossification
  4. bone remodeling
195
Q

What term is used to describe movement of the arm and legs away for me on the body

A

Abduction

196
Q

ABCD OF Cancer

A

Melanoma

197
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy and work from the cell

198
Q

Adrenal gland secretes what hormones

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

199
Q

Aerobic respiration happens in the presence of what

A

Oxygen

200
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

A

The mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy

201
Q

Afferent

A

Towards CNS

202
Q

All Actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?

A

Neurons

203
Q

Anaerobic respiration also produces?

A

Energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen

204
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by what molecule?

A

Lactic acid

205
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body

A

Eye

206
Q

As part of a negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in a response to a decrease in calcium in blood?

A

Osteoclasts

207
Q

Are you spraying occurs when there is a tear in which structures

A

Ligament

208
Q

Auricle

A

A thin pouch in the heart

209
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary movements Dash sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

210
Q

Brother has supply nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle returns to the right atrium via?

A

Coronary sinus

211
Q

The Buttocks are which surface of the body?

A

Dorsal

212
Q

Calcaneus is located in the?

A

Foot

213
Q

Calciferol is controlled by?

A

Parathyroid

214
Q

Capillaries

A

Carry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients – oxygen and waste

215
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Connection between articulating bones made up of Cartlidge

216
Q

Cellular contact is important for?

A

Wound healing

217
Q

Ceremonious glands secrete

A

Ear wax

218
Q

A client has a large pituitary tumor what part of the body does it affect?

A

Head aches, sicknesses, low blood pressure

219
Q

Diet is important because bones are storage places for?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

220
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of molecules or particles a lot of concentration gradient, or from regions of hire two regions of lower concentration

221
Q

Diploid

A

46 chromosomes

222
Q

Distal convoluted tubule works the hormone

A

ADH

223
Q

Distal convoluted tubule is controlled by?

A

PTH

224
Q

Dorsey flexion plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body

A

Foot

225
Q

Efferent

A

Away from CNS

226
Q

Endocytosis

A

Engulfs and bring it in

227
Q

Esophagus is part of?

A

Digestive system

228
Q

Functional units of the kidney

A

Nephrons

229
Q

Function of parathyroid

A

Activation of vitamin D

230
Q

Gallbladder is part of what system

A

Digestive system

231
Q

Gamete

A

Immature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex and sexual reproduction to form a zygote

232
Q

Golgi apparatus functions as

A

Processes proteins secretion. Synthesizes carbs and glycoproteins

233
Q

Haploid

A

23 chromosomes

234
Q

HCl chemical in stomach, why not absorbed/harms stomach

A

The mucous lining protects it

235
Q

Heart with the largest layer

A

Left ventricle

236
Q

Hi levels of which Ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest

A

Potassium

237
Q

What hormones are in or produced by the ovaries

A

Estrogen and progesterone

238
Q

How does lymph work with circulatory

A

Lymph drawls excess fluid from the cells and deposit it into the blood vessels

239
Q

How does nervous system work with muscular

A

Tells muscles how to respond to the environment

240
Q

How is pepsin used in the body

A

Breaks down proteins

241
Q

How many carbs per gram do Carbohydrates contain

A

4

242
Q

How many days in an average menstrual cycle

A

28

243
Q

Increase in rate of depth of breath result in what blood pH change

A

Alkalosis

244
Q

In order for inhalation to occur

A

Contraction of the diaphragm which in large is the chest cavity and draws air

245
Q

Inspiration

A

Expanse thoracic cavity

246
Q

And white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

247
Q

Layers of the epidermis out of the inner

A

Cornermen, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum,basale

248
Q

Ligament

A

Bone to bone

249
Q

Ligaments provide what with connection

A

Bone to bone

250
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Important an immune system

251
Q

Malleus, incus, and stapes are located in which part of the body

A

Ear

252
Q

The mediasternum is located within which cavity

A

Thoracic

253
Q

Meiosis

A

To make haploid gametes in the production of germ cells

254
Q

Mitosis

A

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

255
Q

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

A

Left ventricle and left atrium

256
Q

Monocytes

A

Become macrophages

257
Q

Most abundant tissue

A

Connective tissue

258
Q

Most obvious skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

259
Q

The ribs are attached to the

A

Sternum

260
Q

Action of the skeletal system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Movement
  3. Mineral storage
  4. Production of blood
261
Q

What type of nutrients does not provide energy within the body

A

Vitamin

262
Q

Where would you likely be able to find a schwann cell

A

Nervous system

263
Q

How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

A

The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment

264
Q

What part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial , ulnar nerves

A

Somatic

265
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary movements, sympathetic and parasympathetic are a part of the autonomic nervous system

266
Q

Where am I a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain?

A

Along the sciatic nerve

267
Q

What is the name of the bone in the human thigh

A

Femur

268
Q

Muscle contractions that normally with food along the human digestive system are known as

A

Peristalsis

269
Q

What might you expect to see in a whiplash injury?

A

Traumatic injury to ligaments

270
Q

How might the head rest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

A

By limiting hyperextension of the neck

271
Q

The ovaries are a part of what system

A

Reproductive

272
Q

Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth

A

Endocrine system

273
Q

Which parts of the heart are separated by the Mitral valve

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

274
Q

How much vitamin D deficiency present

A

As crooked Bones

275
Q

How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system

A

With drawls excess fluid from the cells and deposit it into the blood vessels

276
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone

A

Activating vitamin D

277
Q

Which feature of the year is most medial

A

Cochlea

278
Q

What are average pulse and blood pressure readings

A

72 bpm

120/80

279
Q

How does the sagittal section divide the body

A

Into left and right regions

280
Q

How is pepsin used in the body

A

Breaks down proteins

281
Q

The Soffa kiss is part of what body system

A

Digestive

282
Q

Which mineral supports the function of the thyroid

A

Iodine

283
Q

The cheekbones are what are the nose

A

Lateral

284
Q

Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies

A

Lymphatic nervous system

HESI EXAM (4 decks)

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