A&P Flashcards by Andrew McAughey

Which hormones are responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair during puberty?

Testosterone and estrogen

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What happens to blood pH when the rate of breathing increases?

It become more alkaline

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What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?

Control body temperature and water balance

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How many calories per gram are provided by carbohydrates?

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What is the process called when water moves across a cell membrane from a high to low concentration?

Osmosis

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How does carbon dioxide affect the body’s pH?

It makes the body more acidic

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Which region of the body is referred to as the lower back?

Lumbar

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Elevated levels of which ion are most likely to lead to cardiac arrest?

Potassium

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Which blood vessel is responsible for draining blood from the kidneys?

Renal vein

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What gland is located on the front surface of the trachea?

Thyroid gland

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Which cells in white blood contribute to the process of phagocytosis?

Macrophages and neutrophils

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Which structure in the eye is responsible for detecting colors?

Retina

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What is the outermost and most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis

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The organ of Corti is found in which part of the body?

Ear

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Where does the absorption of most nutrients occur in the digestive system?

Small intestine

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What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in cells?

Synthesize proteins

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What type of diet supports faster tissue repair?

High protein diet

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How would you define chyme in the digestive system?

Semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food

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What are hormones in the human body?

Chemical messengers that regulate body processes

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Which female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone?

Ovaries

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What cellular mechanism helps remove debris and mucus from tubular structures?

Cilia

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Which of the following is classified as a hollow organ?

A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Spleen
D. Kidney

B. Gallbladder
(Hollow and stores bile)

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Which muscles are part of the quadriceps femoris group?

-Rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius

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Which brain structure is essential for regulating normal respiratory function?

Medulla oblongata

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A patient has a large tumor on the pituitary gland. Which symptoms might this cause?

-low blood pressure -headaches -vision problems

Where are B-lymphocytes produced?

Red bone marrow

What happens when the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases?

Blood pressure increases and goosebumps form

Which term refers to the back surface of the body, including the buttocks?

Posterior

In which body cavity is the esophagus located?

Thoracic

The tympanic membrane lies between which two parts of the ear?

External auditory canal and middle ear

What is the average length of a menstrual cycle?

28 days

Where in the body are T-lymphocytes produced?

Thymus

The calcaneus bone is found in which part of the body?

Foot

What is the primary function of the urinary system in the human body?

Eliminate waste products

What structure produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

What creates the unique patterns of fingerprints?

Friction ridges

What does the “ABCD” rule of cancer detection refer to?

Asymmetry Border irregularity Color changes Diameter

In which body region would you find the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs?

Pelvic region

What term describes a muscle movement that increases the angle at a joint?

Extensor

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH

What is the sequence for the organization of living organisms?

1. Organelle 2. Cells 3. Tissues 4. Organs 5. Organ systems 6. Organisms 7. Ecosystems

What are all living organisms composed of?

Cells

Which bones develop first during intramembranous ossification?

Flat bones of skull, mandible, and clavicles

What is the most common and easily recognized type of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

What does active transport in cells require?

Energy from ATP

What is a characteristic of passive transport?

Does not use energy

What does diffusion involve?

Particles traveling along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration

What is the process of osmosis?

Water passing through a membrane from low to high solute concentration

What are fibrous joints classified as?

Immovable and connected by ligaments only

What characterizes cartilaginous joints?

Connected by cartilage between bones

What is the defining feature of synovial joints?

Freely movable

Which processes represent asexual reproduction?

Binary fission and mitosis

Describe anatomic position

Standing, facing forward with the arms at the sides, feet slightly apart, and palms facing forward

Select the true statement: A. The knee is inferior to the foot B. The foot is distal to the hip C. The fingers are lateral to the elbow D. The ankle is superior to the hip

B. The foot is distal to the hip

A burned lip is an example of damaged:

Epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue supports the structure and frame of the body?

Connective

Mitosis is needed for:

Growth and repair

During mitosis:

Chromosome numbers decrease from 46 to 23

Hair is primarily comprised of:

Keratin

The skin provides the following functions EXCEPT: A. Protection from pollutants and radiation B. Temperature regulation C. Moisture balance D. Hormone balance

D. Hormone balance

Hematopoieses is a process that:

Creates blood cell production in bones

The skull, facial bones, vertebral columns, ribs, and sternum comprise the:

Axial skeleton

Fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together at joints are:

Ligaments

What is muscle tissue’s ability to elongate known as?

Extensibility

Smooth muscle:

Action is involuntary

The walls of the heart are comprised of specialized tissues called:

Cardiac muscle

The central nervous system is comprised of:

The brain and spinal cord

Heart and respiratory rates are controlled by:

The medulla

The brain and spinal cord are cushioned by:

Cerebrospinal fluid

The endocrine system helps the body maintain homeostasis by:

Secreting hormones that move through the bloodstream to target organs

Which endocrine gland helps cells of the immune system mature?

Thymus

Which gland is located in the brain?

Pineal

Which type of blood cells aid antibody formation?

Leukocytes

Arteries transport:

Blood away from the heart to the cells of the body

Electrocardiograms (EKGs) show:

Electrical activity of the heart

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory system? A. Nose B. Trachea C. Esophagus D. Alveoli

C. Esophagus

The diaphragm supports respiration by:

Contracting and expanding the thoracic cavity

What structures prevent debris from entering the lungs?

Cilia

What substance in saliva aids in breaking down food into usable nutrients?

Amylase

All of the following are true EXCEPT: A. Hepatitis is a disease of the gallbladder B. Gallstones obstruct the duct, which carries bile C. The liver aids detoxification of the body D. The liver secretes enzymes that break down fats into usable nutrients

A. Hepatitis is a disease of the gallbladder

Which structure reabsorbs water and stores and eliminated undigested food?

Large intestine

Urine exits the body via:

Urethra

Nephrons:

Filter waste material from the blood

How does the urinary system retain useful substances during the filtration process?

Nephrons reabsorb water, glucose, and other valuable substances

Luteunizing hormone (LH) does all of the following EXCEPT: A. Stimulates testosterone production B. Stimulates the conversion of a follicle to the corpus luteum C. Stimulates ovulation D. Regulates sperm production

D. Regulates sperm production

What is the correct sequence for an egg to be implanted?

1. Ovulation in an ovary 2. Fertilization in the fallopian tube or oviduct 3. Travel to the uterus 4. Implantation in the endometrium

The corpus luteum produces:

Estrogen and progesterone

What organelle destroys dead cell parts?

Lysosomes

What is a combination of epithelial and connective tissue that works together to complete a specific function?

Epithelial membrane

Which of the following types of glands releases an oily substance primarily through hair follicles? A. Sudoriferous B. Sebaceous C. Mammary D. Apocrine

B. Sebaceous glands

Of the following skull bones, which is the only bone that is capably of movement? A. Frontal bone B. Temporal bone C. Sacrum D. Mandible

D. Mandible

Which of the following connects the diencephalon to the spinal cord? A. Brainstem B. Pons C. Midbrain D. Thalamus

A. Brainstem

Where is the hormone melatonin found?

Pineal gland

Which of the following are hormones that act to return the body conditions to acceptable limits from opposite extremes? A. Peptide hormones B. Protagonistic hormones C. Antagonistic hormones D. Protein hormones

C. Antagonistic hormones

_____ carries blood away from the heart while _____ carries blood toward the heart

Arteries (away) Veins (toward)

The trachea remains open like a hollow tube via ____

Cartilaginous rings

What best describes the term propulsion?

Movement of food along the digestive tract

The kidneys are surrounded by three layers of tissue. Which is the middle layer of fat tissue that provides a soft surface for the kidneys?

Adipose capsule

How often is urine empties into the bladder?

10-15 seconds

There are three phases in the menstrual cycle. Which phase is the shedding of the endometrium when implementation does not occur?

Menstrual phase