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HESI > A & P > Flashcards

A & P Flashcards

1
Q

A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the patient to have eaten a large amount of?

A

Carrots

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2
Q

Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

A

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body tissues, vena cava, right atrium

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3
Q

What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate?

A

Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate

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4
Q

The carpals articulate with the distal ends of which two bones?

A

Radius and ulna

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5
Q

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

A

Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body’s sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly

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6
Q

Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?

A

The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles

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7
Q

A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?

A

Ligament

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8
Q

The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following anatomical regions?

A

Pelvic

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9
Q

Which of the following glands secrete earwax?

A

Ceruminous

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10
Q

Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in leukocytes?

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg?

  • Vastus lateralis
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Gracilis
A

Vastus lateralis

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12
Q

The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint?

A

Ball & socket

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13
Q

Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles?

A

Lactic acid

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14
Q

Where is the popliteal artery located?

A

Behind the knee

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15
Q

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?

  • Femus
  • Tibia
  • Ulna
  • Fibula
A

Ulna

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16
Q

Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal?

A

Oral cavity

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17
Q

Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are identified using the ABCDE method?

A

Melanoma

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18
Q

What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?

A

The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow

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19
Q

What is the function of endocrine glands?

A

What is the function of endocrine glands?

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20
Q

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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21
Q

Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary system?

A

Urethra

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22
Q

Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

A

Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

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23
Q

Which of the following is defined as “a group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?”

A

Tissues

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24
Q

A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of ____________.

A

extensive bleeding

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25
Q

What is the purpose of gastric mucous?

A

To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

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26
Q

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body?

A

Small intestine

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27
Q

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms?

A

DNA

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28
Q

The elbow is what type of joint?

A

Hinge

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29
Q

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

A

Calcium and phosphorous

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30
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

A

The front of the lower extremities

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31
Q

Where is the mediastinum located?

A

Thoracic cavity

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32
Q

True or false: the hypothalamus is commonly known as the “master gland”

A

false
the pituitary is known as the master gland

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33
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

A

Temporal lobe

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34
Q

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

A

Sagittal

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35
Q

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised?

A

Ulnar

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36
Q

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________.

A

Ear

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37
Q

What system is the pharynx a part of?

A

Upper respiratory system

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38
Q

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body?

A

Abductors

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39
Q

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

A

Left ventricle

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40
Q

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure?

A

Ureter

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41
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

A

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

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42
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?

A

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

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43
Q

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

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44
Q

How does serotonin affect the body?

A

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

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45
Q

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

A

Connective tissue

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46
Q

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

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47
Q

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?

A

Xiphoid process

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48
Q

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur?

A

Fallopian tube

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49
Q

Which type of connection do ligaments create?

A

Bone to bone

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50
Q

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery?

A

Carotid

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51
Q

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands?

A

Thymus

52
Q

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

53
Q

What is secreted by the adrenal glands?

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

54
Q

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures?

A

The external auditory canal

55
Q

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?

A

Evaporation

56
Q

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum?

A

Heel of the foot

57
Q

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract?

A

Calcium

58
Q

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve?

A

Reduced sense of smell

59
Q

Which part of the eye allows us to see color?

A

Retina

60
Q

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum?

A

Vomer

61
Q

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus?

A

The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

62
Q

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood?

A

Osteoclasts

63
Q

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

A

Stratum germinativum

64
Q

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning?

-cervical/wrist
-cranial/skull
-inguinal/neck
-carpal/foot

A

-cranial/skull

65
Q

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

A

Nucleus

66
Q

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

A

Lysosomes

67
Q

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

A

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

68
Q

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

A

Epithelial tissue

69
Q

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

A

Organ System

70
Q

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?

A

Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

71
Q

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

A

lysosomes

72
Q

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

A

Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

73
Q

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body?

A

Connective tissue

74
Q
A
74
Q

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?

A

Sagittal

75
Q

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result?

A

Popliteal artery

76
Q

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side?

A

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

77
Q

What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulating body temperature

78
Q

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood?

A

Plasma

79
Q

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs.

A

Inferior

80
Q

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

81
Q

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood?

A

Amino acids

82
Q

Which glands release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?

A

Sebaceous glands

83
Q

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this?

A

Bone

84
Q

In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor?

A

Between the lens and cornea in the eye

85
Q

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?

A

Connective

86
Q

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Nasopharynx

87
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Loop of Henle – Distal Convoluted Tubule – Collecting Duct – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis

88
Q

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?

A

Adenohypophysis

89
Q

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?

A

Vena cava

90
Q

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells?

A

Erythropoiesis

91
Q

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are:

A

thrombocytes

92
Q

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.

A

progesterone

93
Q

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear?

A

Auricle

94
Q

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones?

A

Endocrine system

95
Q

Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs?

A

Cochlea

96
Q

Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct?

A

It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

97
Q

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva?

A

Submandibular glands

98
Q

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Diaphragm

99
Q

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis?

A

Eccrine glands

100
Q

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum

101
Q

Wrist bones are called which of the following?

A

Carpals

102
Q

Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline?

A

Abductors

103
Q

Which exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?

A

Eccrine

104
Q

Skeletal muscle work in pairs. The muscle that executes the given movement is called which of the following?

A

Prime mover

105
Q

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________.

A

Trachea

106
Q

Which of the following is a primary function of the male and/or female reproductive systems?

A

To produce gametes

107
Q

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur in various parts of the renal tubules. In which segment is sodium mostly reabsorbed?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

108
Q

What connects skin to superficial muscles?

A

Hypodermis

109
Q

If you were to cut the body through the median plane, what type of sectioning would occur?

A

Sagittal section

110
Q

What type of cell division occurs in the gonads?

A

Meiosis

111
Q

Which gland releases melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

112
Q

Which of the following acts as a store for fats and aids in bone function?

A

Yellow bone marrow

113
Q

Which of the following is the primary organ of the female reproductive system responsible for releasing mature eggs?

A

Ovaries

114
Q

What are the functions of cortisol?

A
  • Reduces inflammation
  • Raises blood sugar levels
  • Inhibits the release of histamine
115
Q

Which of the following hormones is primarily produced and secreted by the male reproductive system?

A

Testosterone

116
Q

Which muscle is located towards the front of the lower leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

117
Q

The _________________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart.

A

arteries; veins

118
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the __________.

A

vena cava

119
Q

What type of animal tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia?

A

Nervous

120
Q

Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum?

A

Sacral vertebrae

121
Q

The _______________ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ________________ artery.

A

brachial; axillary

122
Q

The heart consists of four chambers, which include _________________.

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

123
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • to distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
  • to remove carbon dioxide from the body
  • to distribute hormones throughout the body
124
Q
A
125
Q

An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following?

A

A typical long bone

126
Q

An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following?

A

A typical long bone

HESI (10 decks)

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