A&P

Question 1

Name the four phases of wound healing

Answer 1

1Haemostasis
2Inflammatory
3Proliferation
4Maturation

Question 2

Describe haemostasis stage

Answer 2

1Vasoconstriction
2Clotting cascade starts
3 Clot forms and bleeding stops 5-10mins

Question 3

How long should the inflammatory phase last?

Answer 3

1-5 days

Question 4

List 4 signs of inflammation phase

Answer 4

1 Red skin
2 Swelling
3 Hot to touch
4 Pain

Question 5

Describe the infection prevention process in the inflammatory phase

Answer 5

1 Release of neutrophils, macrophages & lymphocytes
2 Phagocytosis by these of debris & bacteria in wound
3 Release of cytokines and growth factors

Question 6

List factors affecting inflammation phase immune response to wound healing

Answer 6

1 Diseases such as diabetes
2 Lack of nutrients in malnourishment
3 Lack of oxygen in hypoxic wounds

Question 7

If a wound becomes stuck in inflammatory phase (chronic) what are the results for the patient’s wound?

Answer 7

1 Longer healing times
2 Tendency to infection
3 Higher levels of exudate

Question 8

How long is the proliferative phase?

Answer 8

3-24 days

Question 9

Describe the steps of proliferation in 4 steps

Answer 9

1 Fibroblasts are activated to produce collagen
2 Macrophages start angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels) held by the collagen, known as granulation
3 Wound edge contraction
4 Epithelial cell mitosis and migration cause regrowth of the skin (epithelial layer)

Question 10

How long is the maturation phase?

Answer 10

21 days to two years

Question 11

Describe the steps of maturation phase

Answer 11

1 Re-organisation and replacement of collagen to emulate pre wound tissue
2 The new collagen improves tensile strength to 80% of pre wound strength
3 Formation of avascular scar tissue