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HESI A2 Prep > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

4 steps of bone ossification

A

Hematoma formation
Callus formation
Ossification
Bone remodeling

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2
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of the arms & legs away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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3
Q

ABCD of cancer

A

Melanoma

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4
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires energy and work from the cell

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5
Q

Adrenal glands secrete

A

Cortisol and Aldosterone

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration happens in presence of

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in

A

Mitochondria and requires O2 & Glucose

Produces Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

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8
Q

Afferent

A

Toward CNS

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9
Q

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following

A

Neurons

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10
Q

Anaerobic respiration also produces

A

Energy and uses glucose but produces less energy than aerobic respiration
It doesn’t require oxygen

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11
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

A

Lactic acid

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12
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body

A

Eye

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13
Q

As part of negative feedback system which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to decrease in calcium in the blood

A

Osteoclasts

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14
Q

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

A

Ligament

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15
Q

Auricle

A

A thin pouch in the heart

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16
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary movements

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Blood that has supplied nutrients & oxygen to the heart muscle returns to the right atrium via

A

Coronary sinus

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18
Q

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

A

Dorsal

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19
Q

Calcaneous is located in?

A

Foot

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20
Q

Calciferol is controlled by?

A

Parathyroid

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21
Q

Capillaries

A

Carry blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste

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22
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

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23
Q

Cellular contact is important for

A

Wound healing

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24
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

A

Ear wax

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25
Q

Client has a large pituitary tumor. What part of the body does this affect?

A

Head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure

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26
Q

Diet is important because bones are storage places for

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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27
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of molecular particles along a concentration gradient, or from higher to regions of lower concentration.

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28
Q

Diploid

A

46 chromosomes

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29
Q

Distal convoluted tubule works with hormone

A

ADH

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30
Q

Distal convulted tubule controlled by

A

PTH

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31
Q

Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

A

Foot

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32
Q

Efferent

A

Away from the CNS

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33
Q

Endocytosis

A

Engulfs and brings in

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34
Q

Esophagus is part of the

A

Digestive system

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35
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

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36
Q

Exocytosis

A

Fuses with plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell

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37
Q

Fertilization occurs in the?

A

Oviduct

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38
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

A

Fallopian tubes

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39
Q

fibrous joint

A

immoveable and held together by ligaments only

ex. teeth in socket

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40
Q

functional units of the kidney

A

nephrons

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41
Q

function of parathyroid

A

activation of vitamin D

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42
Q

the gallbladder is part of

A

digestive system

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43
Q

Gamete

A

a mature haploid male or female germ
cell that is able to unite with another of
the opposite sex in sexual reproduction
to form a zygote.

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44
Q

Golgi apparatus

functions as?

A

process protein secretion. synthesize

carbs and glycoproteins

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45
Q

haploid

A

23 chromosomes

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46
Q

HCL chemical in
stomach, why not
absorbed/ harm
stomach

A

mucus lining protects

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47
Q

heart with largest

layer

A

left ventricle

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48
Q

High levels of
which ion would
most likely result
in a cardiac arrest?

A

Potassium

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49
Q

Hormone(s) is/are
produced by the
ovaries?

A

Estrogen & progesterone

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50
Q

how does lymph
work with
circulatory

A

lymph draws excess fluid from the

cells and deposits it into blood vessels

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51
Q

how does nervous
system work with
muscular

A

tells muscles how to respond to

environment

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52
Q

how is pepsin used

in the body

A

breakdown proteins

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53
Q
  1. How many carbs per
    gram do
    carbohydrates
    contain?
A

4

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54
Q

How many days is
the average
menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

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55
Q

Increase in the rate of
depth of breath
results in what blood
PH change?

A

alkalosis

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56
Q

in order for

inhalation to occur

A

contraction of the diaphragm, which
enlarges the chest cavity and draws
air

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57
Q

inspiration

A

expands thoracic cavity

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58
Q

In white blood cells
what contributes to
phagocytosis?

A

macrophages, neutrophils

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59
Q

layers of epidermis

outer to inner

A

corneum, lucidum, granulosum,
spinosum, basale

can lily grant Serena boys

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60
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

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61
Q

Ligaments provide

with connection?

A

Bone to bone

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62
Q

lymphocytes

A

important in immune system

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63
Q

The Malleus, Incus,
and Stapes are
located in which part
of the body?

A

Ear

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64
Q

The mediastinum is
located within which
cavity?

A

Thoracic

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65
Q

Meiosis:

A

to make haploid gametes and the

production of germs cells

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66
Q

Mitosis-

A

the process of cell division that
occurs in five stages before pinching
two “daughter” cells in a process
called cytokinesis

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67
Q

The mitral valve is
located between
which two structures?

A

Left ventricle & Left atrium

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68
Q

The Mitral valve is
located between
which two structures?

A

left atrium left ventricle

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69
Q

monocytes

A

becomes macrophages

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70
Q

most abundant tissue

A

connective tissue

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71
Q

most obvious skin

cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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72
Q

parts of sternum

A

manibrium
body
xiphoid

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73
Q

passive transport

and examples

A

doesn’t require energy

ex. diffusion and osmosis

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74
Q 
A person who has
damaged the ulnar
nerve will have
decreased sensation
in which area?
A

arm -inability to adduct arms and

fingers

75
Q 
A person who has
damaged the ulnar
nerve will have
decreased sensation
in which area?
A

arm -inability to adduct arms and

fingers

76
Q

Photosynthesis-

A 
the precursor to the glucose molecule is
produced in a process. Use sunlight
to synthesize foods from carbon
dioxide and water. Generates oxygen
as a byproduct
77
Q

pituitary gland

produces

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

GH

78
Q

pituitary gland

produces

A

Sagittal

79
Q

polypeptides are

A

chains of amino acids

80
Q

the ribs are attached to the

A

the sternum

81
Q

the rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?

A

Synthesize protein

82
Q

sebaceous gland

A

secretes oil

83
Q

separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity

A

diagram

84
Q

skeletal system function

A
  1. protection
  2. movement
  3. mineral storage
  4. production of blood
85
Q

soft spot on baby’s head

A

fontanelle

86
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

voluntary movements

87
Q

the structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck

A

Carotid Artery

88
Q

Part of the brain attaches to the spinal cord?

A

oblongata

89
Q

Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the

body through which process?

A

Evaporation

90
Q

synovial joints

A

highly moveable
hinge, pivot,
saddle

91
Q

tendon

A

bone to muscle

92
Q

The esophagus is located in which

body cavity?

A

thoracic

93
Q

The olfactory nerves are associated in

which sense?

A

Smell

94
Q

The orthopedic surgeon informs you
that you have broken the distal region
of the humerus. What area is he
describing?

A

Epiphsis

95
Q

The pulse point located behind the

the knee is palpated over which artery?

A

Popliteal

96
Q

Is Tissue repair enhanced by a diet of high in?

A

Protein

97
Q

top of sternum

A

manubrium

98
Q

Two principles divisions that makeup

nervous system?

A

Peripheral (PNS)

& Central (CNS)

99
Q

two types of asexual reproduction

A

binary fission

and mitosis

100
Q

The tympanic membrane is located

between which structures?

A

external auditory
canal and
middle ear

101
Q

Urinary system in the human body

primary task is to?

A

expel waste

102
Q

Vessel carries blood from the body to

the heart?

A

Vena cava

103
Q

what are fingerprints made of

A

Friction Ridges

dac

104
Q

What are hormones?

A

chemical

messengers

105
Q

What are like cells grouped together

called?

A

A tissue

106
Q

what are the glands of the skin that

produce a thin and watery secretion

A

eccrine glands

107
Q

what are the two functions of the male

and female sex organs?

A

C. Production of
gametes and
production of
hormones

108
Q

What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?

A

Renal vein

109
Q

vastus lateralis

A

extends knee

and stabilizes

110
Q

what bones are formed first during

intramembraneous ossification

A

flat bone of face

and cranial

111
Q

What cell structure regulates the
transportation of substances in and out
the cell?

A

Plasma

membrane

112
Q

What cellular process helps to move
debris and mucous through the lining of
tubules?

A

Cilia

113
Q

what do endocrine hormones do

A 
growth
metabolsim
sexual
development and
function
114
Q

What effects do serotonin has or

neurotransmitters?

A

appetite, sleep,

mood

115
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved

in temperature homeostasis?

A

Eccrine gland

116
Q

What female reproductive organ
produces oocytes, estrogen,
progesterone

A

ovaries

117
Q

What glad is located on the anterior

surface of the trachea?

A

Thyroid Gland

118
Q

What hormone induces growth of pubic

and axillary hair at puberty?

A

Testosterone and

estrogen

119
Q

What internal structure of the ear is

concerned with hearing?

A

Cochlea

120
Q

what is a normal beat

A

72 bpm 120 over

80

121
Q

What is the definition of chyme?

A 
bolus that turns
into soupy
substance.
The result of
action by the
stomach.
122
Q

What is the effect of serotonin, a

neurotransmitter?

A

Involved with
mood, anxiety
and sleep

123
Q

What is the exchang eof gases
between the atmosphere and the
blood through the alveoli called?

A

External

respiration

124
Q

What is the function of the

hypothalamus

A

regulates function
of body, balance,
thermoreg

125
Q

What is the function of the

thrombocytes (platelets)?

A

Play role in

blood clotting

126
Q

What is the outer most protective

layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

127
Q

What is the primary function of the

hemoglobin (blood)?

A

Carry oxygen

128
Q

What is the response of cells in the
collecting tubules in the nephrons when
antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?

A 
Water is
reabsorbed
from the
urinary
filtrate
129
Q

What is the response of cells in the
collecting tubules in the nephrons when
antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?

A 
Water is
reabsorbed
from the
urinary
filtrate
130
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the

body?

A

body
become
more acidic

131
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for

auditory functioning?

A

Temporal

132
Q

what makes the colors of the skin

A

melanin and

melanocytes

133
Q

what makes up most plasma

A

water

134
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous

system is stimulated? Increased

A

Cardiac

output

135
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous

system is stimulation is increased?

A

Blood
pressure
rises, goose
bumps

136
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

pancreas

137
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?

A

lumbar

138
Q

What part of the brain is attached to the

spinal cord?

A

medulla

oblongata

139
Q

What part of the respiratory system is I the

upper respiratory?

A

Bronchioles,
alveolar
ducts, and
alveoli

140
Q

What plane divides the body from left to

right?

A

sagittal

plane

141
Q

What stimulates the chemoreceptors to

function?

A

rise in CO2;

Fall in o2

142
Q

What structure conduct urine from the

kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

143
Q

What structure is located in the upper

airways?

A

nose,

pharynx

144
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?

A

retina

145
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

146
Q 
When assessing a female client who
describes herself as a vegetarian in the
nurse notes that she has an unusual skin
color. The nurse should ask the client if she
has eaten large amount of:
A

carrot and

squash.

147
Q

when boxer gets hit and has deviated

septum?

A

vomer (in

nose)

148
Q

When drawing blood from
antecubital region which blood
the vessel is used to obtain blood?

A

median cubital

149
Q

When water molecules move across
cell membrane from high to low
concentration this process is
called?

A

osmosis

150
Q

where are Schwann cells

A

nervous system

151
Q

Where does digestion begin in the

digestive system?

A

Oral cavity

152
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

fallopian tubes

153
Q

Where in the body are nutrients

absorbed?

A

Small intestine

154
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle

located?

A

Lower leg

155
Q

Which anatomical structure houses

the malleus, incus, and stapes?

A

Skull ear

156
Q

Which bone does not articulate with

any other bone?

A

Hyoid

157
Q

Which condition causes a client to

say “I can’t see far away”?

A

Nearsightedness

158
Q

Which gland is commonly known as

the “Master Gland”?

A

Pituitary Gland

159
Q

Which hand position describes an

the anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

A

Palms of the hand

facing anterior

160
Q

Which hormone is produced by the

posterior pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin &antidiuretic hormone

161
Q

Which hormone is produced by the

posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH and OT

162
Q

which hormone is released by

posterior lobe

A

oxytocin.

163
Q

Which is a hollow organ?

A

gall bladder

164
Q

Which muscle is included in the

quadriceps femoris group?

A

Rectus femoris,
Vastus lateralis,
vastus medilis,
vastus intermedius

165
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps
femoris group lies on the slide
surface of the lower extremity?

A

Vastus lateralis

166
Q

Which of the following is a structure

found in the upper respiratory?

A

Pharynx

167
Q

which of the following location
would the urinary bladder & internal
reproductive organ be found

A

pelvic region

168
Q

Which of the following produce
progesterone to prepare the uterus
for pregnancy?

A

Corpus luteum

169
Q

Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?

A

They secrete chemicals into the

blood

170
Q

which one increases angle at the joint

A

extensor

171
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

A

Urethra

172
Q

which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth

A

endocrine

173
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

A

Temporal lobe

174
Q

Which statement is true about bone?

A

Osteoblast, epiphyseal, diaphysis

175
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

Hemoglobin

176
Q

Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

A

Shoulder

177
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum

A

Xiphoid process

178
Q

. Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

A

medulla oblongata

179
Q

Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?

A

red bone marrow

180
Q

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

A

thymus

181
Q

Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

A

The cell membrane

182
Q

which system produces antibodies

A

lymphatic

183
Q

which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for
organs

A

connective

184
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein

HESI A2 Prep (3 decks)

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