A&P Flashcards
4 steps of bone ossification
Hematoma formation
Callus formation
Ossification
Bone remodeling
Which term is used to describe movement of the arms & legs away from the midline of the body
Abduction
ABCD of cancer
Melanoma
Active Transport
Requires energy and work from the cell
Adrenal glands secrete
Cortisol and Aldosterone
Aerobic respiration happens in presence of
Oxygen
Aerobic respiration takes place in
Mitochondria and requires O2 & Glucose
Produces Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Afferent
Toward CNS
All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following
Neurons
Anaerobic respiration also produces
Energy and uses glucose but produces less energy than aerobic respiration
It doesn’t require oxygen
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
Lactic acid
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body
Eye
As part of negative feedback system which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to decrease in calcium in the blood
Osteoclasts
Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
Ligament
Auricle
A thin pouch in the heart
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary movements
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system
Blood that has supplied nutrients & oxygen to the heart muscle returns to the right atrium via
Coronary sinus
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
Dorsal
Calcaneous is located in?
Foot
Calciferol is controlled by?
Parathyroid
Capillaries
Carry blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste
Cartilaginous
Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
Cellular contact is important for
Wound healing
Ceruminous glands secrete
Ear wax
Client has a large pituitary tumor. What part of the body does this affect?
Head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure
Diet is important because bones are storage places for
Calcium and phosphorus
Diffusion
Passive movement of molecular particles along a concentration gradient, or from higher to regions of lower concentration.
Diploid
46 chromosomes
Distal convoluted tubule works with hormone
ADH
Distal convulted tubule controlled by
PTH
Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
Foot
Efferent
Away from the CNS
Endocytosis
Engulfs and brings in
Esophagus is part of the
Digestive system
Eustachian tube
Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Exocytosis
Fuses with plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell
Fertilization occurs in the?
Oviduct
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
Fallopian tubes
fibrous joint
immoveable and held together by ligaments only
ex. teeth in socket
functional units of the kidney
nephrons
function of parathyroid
activation of vitamin D
the gallbladder is part of
digestive system
Gamete
a mature haploid male or female germ
cell that is able to unite with another of
the opposite sex in sexual reproduction
to form a zygote.
Golgi apparatus
functions as?
process protein secretion. synthesize
carbs and glycoproteins
haploid
23 chromosomes
HCL chemical in
stomach, why not
absorbed/ harm
stomach
mucus lining protects
heart with largest
layer
left ventricle
High levels of
which ion would
most likely result
in a cardiac arrest?
Potassium
Hormone(s) is/are
produced by the
ovaries?
Estrogen & progesterone
how does lymph
work with
circulatory
lymph draws excess fluid from the
cells and deposits it into blood vessels
how does nervous
system work with
muscular
tells muscles how to respond to
environment
how is pepsin used
in the body
breakdown proteins
- How many carbs per
gram do
carbohydrates
contain?
4
How many days is
the average
menstrual cycle?
28 days
Increase in the rate of
depth of breath
results in what blood
PH change?
alkalosis
in order for
inhalation to occur
contraction of the diaphragm, which
enlarges the chest cavity and draws
air
inspiration
expands thoracic cavity
In white blood cells
what contributes to
phagocytosis?
macrophages, neutrophils
layers of epidermis
outer to inner
corneum, lucidum, granulosum,
spinosum, basale
can lily grant Serena boys
ligament
bone to bone
Ligaments provide
with connection?
Bone to bone
lymphocytes
important in immune system
The Malleus, Incus,
and Stapes are
located in which part
of the body?
Ear
The mediastinum is
located within which
cavity?
Thoracic
Meiosis:
to make haploid gametes and the
production of germs cells
Mitosis-
the process of cell division that
occurs in five stages before pinching
two “daughter” cells in a process
called cytokinesis
The mitral valve is
located between
which two structures?
Left ventricle & Left atrium
The Mitral valve is
located between
which two structures?
left atrium left ventricle
monocytes
becomes macrophages
most abundant tissue
connective tissue
most obvious skin
cancer
basal cell carcinoma
parts of sternum
manibrium
body
xiphoid
passive transport
and examples
doesn’t require energy
ex. diffusion and osmosis
A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?
arm -inability to adduct arms and
fingers
A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?
arm -inability to adduct arms and
fingers
Photosynthesis-
the precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct
pituitary gland
produces
adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH
pituitary gland
produces
Sagittal
polypeptides are
chains of amino acids
the ribs are attached to the
the sternum
the rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?
Synthesize protein
sebaceous gland
secretes oil
separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity
diagram
skeletal system function
- protection
- movement
- mineral storage
- production of blood
soft spot on baby’s head
fontanelle
Somatic nervous system
voluntary movements
the structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck
Carotid Artery
Part of the brain attaches to the spinal cord?
oblongata
Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the
body through which process?
Evaporation
synovial joints
highly moveable
hinge, pivot,
saddle
tendon
bone to muscle
The esophagus is located in which
body cavity?
thoracic
The olfactory nerves are associated in
which sense?
Smell
The orthopedic surgeon informs you
that you have broken the distal region
of the humerus. What area is he
describing?
Epiphsis
The pulse point located behind the
the knee is palpated over which artery?
Popliteal
Is Tissue repair enhanced by a diet of high in?
Protein
top of sternum
manubrium
Two principles divisions that makeup
nervous system?
Peripheral (PNS)
& Central (CNS)
two types of asexual reproduction
binary fission
and mitosis
The tympanic membrane is located
between which structures?
external auditory
canal and
middle ear
Urinary system in the human body
primary task is to?
expel waste
Vessel carries blood from the body to
the heart?
Vena cava
what are fingerprints made of
Friction Ridges
dac
What are hormones?
chemical
messengers
What are like cells grouped together
called?
A tissue
what are the glands of the skin that
produce a thin and watery secretion
eccrine glands
what are the two functions of the male
and female sex organs?
C. Production of
gametes and
production of
hormones
What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?
Renal vein
vastus lateralis
extends knee
and stabilizes
what bones are formed first during
intramembraneous ossification
flat bone of face
and cranial
What cell structure regulates the
transportation of substances in and out
the cell?
Plasma
membrane
What cellular process helps to move
debris and mucous through the lining of
tubules?
Cilia
what do endocrine hormones do
growth metabolsim sexual development and function
What effects do serotonin has or
neurotransmitters?
appetite, sleep,
mood
What epidermal derivative is involved
in temperature homeostasis?
Eccrine gland
What female reproductive organ
produces oocytes, estrogen,
progesterone
ovaries
What glad is located on the anterior
surface of the trachea?
Thyroid Gland
What hormone induces growth of pubic
and axillary hair at puberty?
Testosterone and
estrogen
What internal structure of the ear is
concerned with hearing?
Cochlea
what is a normal beat
72 bpm 120 over
80
What is the definition of chyme?
bolus that turns into soupy substance. The result of action by the stomach.
What is the effect of serotonin, a
neurotransmitter?
Involved with
mood, anxiety
and sleep
What is the exchang eof gases
between the atmosphere and the
blood through the alveoli called?
External
respiration
What is the function of the
hypothalamus
regulates function
of body, balance,
thermoreg
What is the function of the
thrombocytes (platelets)?
Play role in
blood clotting
What is the outer most protective
layer of the skin?
Epidermis
What is the primary function of the
hemoglobin (blood)?
Carry oxygen
What is the response of cells in the
collecting tubules in the nephrons when
antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?
Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate
What is the response of cells in the
collecting tubules in the nephrons when
antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?
Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the
body?
body
become
more acidic
What lobe of the brain is responsible for
auditory functioning?
Temporal
what makes the colors of the skin
melanin and
melanocytes
what makes up most plasma
water
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous
system is stimulated? Increased
Cardiac
output
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous
system is stimulation is increased?
Blood
pressure
rises, goose
bumps
What organ produces insulin?
pancreas
What part of the body is the lower back?
lumbar
What part of the brain is attached to the
spinal cord?
medulla
oblongata
What part of the respiratory system is I the
upper respiratory?
Bronchioles,
alveolar
ducts, and
alveoli
What plane divides the body from left to
right?
sagittal
plane
What stimulates the chemoreceptors to
function?
rise in CO2;
Fall in o2
What structure conduct urine from the
kidney to the urinary bladder?
Ureter
What structure is located in the upper
airways?
nose,
pharynx
What structure of the eye picks out color?
retina
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
Hinge
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:
carrot and
squash.
when boxer gets hit and has deviated
septum?
vomer (in
nose)
When drawing blood from
antecubital region which blood
the vessel is used to obtain blood?
median cubital
When water molecules move across
cell membrane from high to low
concentration this process is
called?
osmosis
where are Schwann cells
nervous system
Where does digestion begin in the
digestive system?
Oral cavity
Where does fertilization occur?
fallopian tubes
Where in the body are nutrients
absorbed?
Small intestine
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle
located?
Lower leg
Which anatomical structure houses
the malleus, incus, and stapes?
Skull ear
Which bone does not articulate with
any other bone?
Hyoid
Which condition causes a client to
say “I can’t see far away”?
Nearsightedness
Which gland is commonly known as
the “Master Gland”?
Pituitary Gland
Which hand position describes an
the anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
Palms of the hand
facing anterior
Which hormone is produced by the
posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin &antidiuretic hormone
Which hormone is produced by the
posterior pituitary gland?
ADH and OT
which hormone is released by
posterior lobe
oxytocin.
Which is a hollow organ?
gall bladder
Which muscle is included in the
quadriceps femoris group?
Rectus femoris,
Vastus lateralis,
vastus medilis,
vastus intermedius
Which muscle of the quadriceps
femoris group lies on the slide
surface of the lower extremity?
Vastus lateralis
Which of the following is a structure
found in the upper respiratory?
Pharynx
which of the following location
would the urinary bladder & internal
reproductive organ be found
pelvic region
Which of the following produce
progesterone to prepare the uterus
for pregnancy?
Corpus luteum
Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?
They secrete chemicals into the
blood
which one increases angle at the joint
extensor
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
Urethra
which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth
endocrine
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
Temporal lobe
Which statement is true about bone?
Osteoblast, epiphyseal, diaphysis
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
Hemoglobin
Which structure is a ball and socket joint?
Shoulder
Which structure is located on the sternum
Xiphoid process
. Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?
medulla oblongata
Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?
red bone marrow
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
thymus
Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
The cell membrane
which system produces antibodies
lymphatic
which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for
organs
connective
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
