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My NCCQ cards > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two groups the bones of the skeleton are divided into

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

Name the acid that is made in the stomach.

A

Hydrochloric

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3
Q

The spinal nerves arise from both sides of the spinal cord; what do they emerge through?

A

Intervertebral or neural foramina or foramen

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4
Q

Describe where sebaceous glands are located and their function

A

They are located in the dermis. They secrete an oily fluid (sebum) to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.

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5
Q

Where is the aortic bifurcation located, and what arteries does it divide into?

A

It is located at the distal end of the abdominal aorta at which point the artery divides into the common iliac arteries.

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6
Q

The cystic duct drains which organ?

A

Gall bladder

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7
Q

Name the two extensions of nerve cells which form the white matter of the nervous system.

A

Axon(s)

Dendrite(s)

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8
Q

Describe the function of the ureters

A

To convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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9
Q

What is the placenta’s function and how is it connected to the foetus?

A

It transfers nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the baby’s bloodstream and waste products from the baby to the mother. It is connected to the foetus by the umbilical cord.

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10
Q

Name the part of the ear that contains the organ of Corti

A

Cochlea

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11
Q

How many movable bones are found in the vertebral column? Name the three regions they are divided into.

A

24
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae

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12
Q

What is the name for the distribution of acids, bases and salts in tissue cells, fluids and blood plasma which helps maintain normal pH and control the passage of water between cell membranes?

A

Electrolyte balance

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13
Q

Describe the function of the sclera

A

It maintains the shape of the eye and gives attachment to muscles of the eye

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14
Q

What pigment does sunlight promote the secretion of?

A

Melanin

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15
Q

What is the root word for ‘fat’?

A

Lip

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16
Q

What suffix is used for ‘falling’ or ‘downward displacement’?

A

Ptosis

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17
Q

Provide the definition for the term ‘bronchiectasis’

A

Dilation of the bronchus

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18
Q

What two prefixes can be used for the word ‘against’?

A

Anti

Contra

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19
Q

Name the root word for ‘eat’.

A

Phag

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20
Q

What suffix is used for ‘tumour’ or ‘swelling’?

A

Cele or Oma

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21
Q

Provide the meaning of the prefix ‘ect’.

A

Outside

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22
Q

Name the fluid that circulates through the body carrying nutrients and oxygen to the cells and carrying waste products away from cells for elimination

A

Blood

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23
Q

Name the transparent fluid in which many important chemicals are dissolved and in which are suspended red and white blood cells and platelets

A

Plasma

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24
Q

Name the Red blood cells which carry oxygen from the lungs to cells of the body

A

Erythrocytes

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25
Q

Names the White blood cells which help to prevent infection and diseases

A

Leucocytes

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26
Q

What are the cells which assist the clotting process when injury occurs?

A

Platelets (thrombocytes

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27
Q

Name the vessels that carry blood from the heart.

A

Arteries

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28
Q

Most arteries carry oxygenated blood, this is the exception…

A

Pulmonary artery

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29
Q
A

Arteries which supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

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30
Q

What are the arteries which supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle called?

A

Coronary arteries

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31
Q

Name the vessels that transport blood to the heart.

A

Veins

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32
Q

Most veins carry deoxygenated blood, these are the exceptions…..

A

Pulmonary veins

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33
Q

Name the The three systems referred to when considering blood circulation…

A

The pulmonary, systemic and portal

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34
Q

What is the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium called?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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35
Q

What is the circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart via the aorta to all parts of the body called?

A

Systemic circulation

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36
Q

What system is where Venous blood passes from the capillary bed of the digestive system,
via the capillary bed of the liver in this circulation system?

A

Portal circulation

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37
Q

Names the Two membranous sacs which surround the heart…

A

Pericardium

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38
Q

Name the interior lining of the myocardium, which is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels…

A

Endocardium

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39
Q

Name the system provides protection of internal organs and the body’s framework and shape.

A

Musculoskeletal system

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40
Q

Name the place where two or more bones come together…

A

A joint

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41
Q

Bones are classified according to their shapes. The femur (thigh
bone) is an example of this type of bone…

A

Long bone

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42
Q

Name a strong fibrous membrane which almost completely covers bones…

A

Periosteum

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43
Q

What is the soft tissue found in the epiphyses of bones, vital to the
production of blood cells called?

A

Red marrow

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44
Q

Name the type of joints which are freely movable…

A

Synovial

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45
Q

Name the only bone in the skull which can move…

A

Mandible (lower jaw)

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46
Q

What is the relatively hard connective tissue that covers all parts of bones, in
contact within a joint called?

A

Cartilage

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47
Q

What are the twelve pairs which form a protective cage around organs in the thoracic
cavity called?

A

Ribs

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48
Q

What is the largest strongest bone in the body?

A

The femur

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49
Q

Name the tough fibrous connective tissue which forms the outside
layer of a freely movable joint…

A

The capsule

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50
Q

What is the fixed point of attachment (of a muscle) to a bone, opposite to the insertion called?

A

Origin

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51
Q

Name a cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones…

A

Tendon

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52
Q

Name an internal organ controlled by involuntary muscles…

A

Alimentary canal

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53
Q

What are the type of muscles which move the bones called?

A

Voluntary or skeletal muscles

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54
Q

What is the name of the system which the skin and its appendages–hair, nails, oil, and sweat glands– make up called?

A

Integumentary

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55
Q

Name the outer layer of the skin which consists of several layers of cornified dead cells?

A

The epidermis

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56
Q

Name the tough layer of skin located below the epidermis,
consisting of connective tissue with elastic and collagen
fibres…

A

The dermis

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57
Q

Name the Tubes in which hair grows, which is lined with epidermal cells…

A

Hair follicles

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58
Q

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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59
Q

Describe the structure classification of joints

A

Joints are classified structurally based on their anatomical characteristics, and functionally based on the types of movements they permit.
Structurally:
Fibrous- no synovial cavity, held together by fibres
Cartilaginous- no synovial cavity, held together by Cartilage
Synovial joints-space between two bones, held together by ligaments & connective tissue

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60
Q

What does afferent mean

A

Conveying towards

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61
Q

What does anterior/ventral mean

A

The front surface

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62
Q

What does distal mean

A

Farthest from

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63
Q

What does dorsal/posterior mean

A

Pertaining to the back or towards the back

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64
Q

What does efferent mean

A

Conveying away from

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65
Q

What does inferior mean

A

Situated below

66
Q

What does lateral mean

A

Referring to the side

67
Q

What does medial mean

A

Pertaining to near the midline

68
Q

What does median mean

A

The middle - an imaginary line passing through the body from between the eyes to between closed feet

69
Q

What does peripheral mean

A

Situated away from the centre

70
Q

What does proximal mean

A

Nearest

71
Q

What does superficial mean

A

Referring to close to the surface

72
Q

What does superior mean

A

Situated above

73
Q

What does ventral/anterior mean

A

Pertaining to the belly or towards the belly

74
Q

What does all systems work together to achieve

A

Homeostasis

75
Q

What does anatomy mean

A

Study of the structure of the body

76
Q

What does physiology mean

A

Study of how the body functions

77
Q

What does abduct mean

A

To draw away from the median plane

78
Q

What does abduction mean

A

The act of abducting or the state of being abducted

79
Q

What does adduct mean

A

To draw towards the median plane

80
Q

What does adduction mean

A

The act of adducting or the state of being adducted

81
Q

What does circumduction mean

A

The active or passive circular movement of a limb (or eye)

82
Q

What does extension mean

A

A movement which brings the member of a limb into or towards a straight position

83
Q

What does flexion mean

A

The act of bending or condition of being bent

84
Q

What does rotation mean

A

The process of turning around an axis

85
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system made up of

A

Bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and cartilage

86
Q

What’s the main function of the musculoskeletal system

A

Support and stability, protection of internal organs, locomotion, production of blood cells, storage of calcium and other minerals

87
Q

What are the two groups the bones are divided into

A

Axial skeleton & appendicular skeleton

88
Q

What are the bones of the axial skeleton

A

Skull, ribs, sternum & vertebral column

89
Q

What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

Shoulders, hips, and upper and lower extremities

90
Q

What is the prefix in ‘contraindiction’ and what is its meaning

A

Contra - against, opposite

91
Q

What is the root word for bile

A

Chol

92
Q

Breakdown the term ‘cardiomegaly’ into its component parts and state what each part means

A

Cardi - heart
O
Megaly - enlargement

93
Q

What does the suffix ‘oid’ mean

A

Resemblance or likeness of

94
Q

What are the two root words for blood

A

Haem

Haemat

95
Q

What prefix is used to describe the word beside or beyond

A

Par or para

96
Q

Give the mean ming of the term pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal or kidney pelvis

97
Q

Describe the difference between the suffixes stomy and Tomy

A

Stomy means creation of an artificial opening

Tomy means incision

98
Q

What is the root word for eat

A

Phag

99
Q

What is the root word for gland

A

Aden

100
Q

What is the root word for air

A

Aer

101
Q

What is the root word for vessel

A

Angi

102
Q

What is the root word for joint

A

Arthr

103
Q

What is the root word for eyelid

A

Blephar

104
Q

What does cardi mean

A

Heart

105
Q

What does cephal mean

A

Head

106
Q

What does cerebr mean

A

Brain

107
Q

What does cervic mean

A

Neck

108
Q

What does cheil, chil mean

A

Lip

109
Q

What does cheir, chir mean

A

Hand

110
Q

What does chondr mean

A

Cartilage

111
Q

What’s the root word for skull

A

Crani

112
Q

What’s the root word for bladder

A

Cyst

113
Q

What does dactyl mean

A

Finger, toe

114
Q

What is the root word for skin

A

Derm

115
Q

What does enter mean

A

Intestine

116
Q

What’s the root word for stomach

A

Gastr

117
Q

What does glyc mean

A

Sweet

118
Q

What are the root words for blood

A

Haem

Haemat

119
Q

What is the root word for liver

A

Hepat

120
Q

Name the two groups the bones of the skeleton are divided into

A

Axial

Appendicular

121
Q

Name the acid that is made in the stomach.

A

Hydrochloric

122
Q

The spinal nerves arise from both sides of the spinal cord; what do they emerge through?

A

Intervertebral or neural foramina or foramen

123
Q

Describe where sebaceous glands are located and their function

A

They are located in the dermis. They secrete an oily fluid (sebum) to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.

124
Q

Where is the aortic bifurcation located, and what arteries does it divide into?

A

It is located at the distal end of the abdominal aorta at which point the artery divides into the common iliac arteries.

125
Q

The cystic duct drains which organ

A

Gall bladder

126
Q

Name the two extensions of nerve cells which form the white matter of the
nervous system.

A

Axon(s)

Dendrite(s)

127
Q

Describe the function of the ureters

A

To convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

128
Q

What is the placenta’s function and how is it connected to the foetus?

A

It transfers nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the baby’s bloodstream and waste products from the baby to the mother. It is connected to the foetus by the umbilical cord.

129
Q

Name the part of the ear that contains the organ of Corti

A

Cochlea

130
Q

How many movable bones are found in the vertebral column? Name the three regions they are divided into

A

24
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae

131
Q

What is the name for the distribution of acids, bases and salts in tissue cells,
fluids and blood plasma which helps maintain normal pH and control the
passage of water between cell membranes?

A

Electrolyte balance

132
Q

Describe the function of the sclera.

A

It maintains the shape of the eye and gives attachment to muscles of the eye.

133
Q

What pigment does sunlight promote the secretion of?

A

Melanin

134
Q

Name the neck of the uterus at the point where it joins the vagina

A

Cervix

135
Q

What type of synovial joint is the shoulder and what two bones does it
connect?

A

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint connecting the humerus to the
scapula.

136
Q

What area of the brain shares concern for respiratory function with the pons
varolii?

A

Medulla oblongata

137
Q

Describe the function of the sphincter of Oddi.

A

Controls the flow of fluids from the ampulla of Vater into the duodenum.

138
Q

Name the type of tissue found in the epidermis

A

Stratified epithelial tissue

139
Q

Describe the function of the glomeruli.

A

To extract nitrogenous wastes, salts, water and toxins from the bloodstream
and turn the wastes into urine.

140
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissue
Spleen
Thymus gland

141
Q

Name the cavity located within the temporal bone which is filled with air from
the eustachian tube and contains ossicles.

A

Middle ear or tympanic cavity

142
Q

Describe the primary functions of the parathyroid glands.

A

The maintenance of normal blood calcium levels and the regulation of
phosphate metabolism.

143
Q

Name the semi-rigid tube found in the respiratory system that has an exterior
surface made up of rings of cartilage embedded in fibrous, elastic and smooth
muscle.

A

Trachea

144
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The point of attachment to the bone that it moves.

145
Q

Name the valve that allows oxygenated blood to pass from the left atrium to
the left ventricle and prevents backflow during systole.

A

Mitral valve

146
Q

What muscles change the shape of the lens in the eye and what part of the
eye does the lens focus light on?

A

The lens changes shape, under control of the ciliary muscles, to focus light on
the retina.

147
Q

Name the first portion of the large intestine.

A

Caecum

148
Q

What two organs add secretions to semen to aid sperm motility?

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

149
Q

Name the neck of the uterus at the point where it joins the vagina.

A

Cervix

150
Q

What type of synovial joint is the shoulder and what two bones does it
connect?

A

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint connecting the humerus to the
scapula.

151
Q

What area of the brain shares concern for respiratory function with the pons
varolii?

A

Medulla oblongata

152
Q

Describe the function of the sphincter of Oddi

A

Controls the flow of fluids from the ampulla of Vater into the duodenum

153
Q

Name the type of tissue found in the epidermis.

A

Stratified epithelial tissue

154
Q

Describe the function of the glomeruli.

A

To extract nitrogenous wastes, salts, water and toxins from the bloodstream
and turn the wastes into urine.

155
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissue
Spleen
Thymus gland

156
Q

Name the cavity located within the temporal bone which is filled with air from
the eustachian tube and contains ossicles.

A

Middle ear or tympanic cavity

157
Q

Describe the primary functions of the parathyroid glands.

A

The maintenance of normal blood calcium levels and the regulation of
phosphate metabolism.

158
Q

Name the semi-rigid tube found in the respiratory system that has an exterior
surface made up of rings of cartilage embedded in fibrous, elastic and smooth
muscle

A

Trachea

159
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The point of attachment to the bone that it moves.

160
Q

Name the valve that allows oxygenated blood to pass from the left atrium to
the left ventricle and prevents backflow during systole.

A

Mitral valve

161
Q

What muscles change the shape of the lens in the eye and what part of the
eye does the lens focus light on?

A

The lens changes shape, under control of the ciliary muscles, to focus light on
the retina.

162
Q

Name the first portion of the large intestine

A

Caecum

My NCCQ cards (6 decks)

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