A New Model Army

Question 1

Hoplite warfare

Answer 1

Standard troops in Greece 
Heavily armoured infantry 
Close formation - phalanx - 8 men deep 
Fight with 8 ft spear 
Cavalry and light infantry peripheral elements

Question 2

Key foundations

Answer 2

Innovation
Training
Political integration
Speed

Question 3

Cavalry

Answer 3

Philip makes them key
Heavy cavalry - scouts from upper Macedonia
Royal companions
Binds aristocracy to the king

Question 4

Why cavalry?

Answer 4

Macedonia natural for horses
Long-standing interest in horse breeding
Philip deliberately imports Scythian mares from north (Justin)

Question 5

How are the cavalry armed?

Answer 5

Wear (linen?) armour 
Main weapon is a lance 
Slashing sword 
No shield 
2-300 men strong

Question 6

The original knights in armour?

Answer 6

Re-arranged to fight in a wedge-shaped formation (Adrian)
Designed to penetrate enemy formations
Needs discipline to work

Question 7

Infantry

Answer 7

Break from hoplite tradition
Inspired by Iphicrates
Thracian/Illyrian influence?

Question 8

Infantry reforms

Answer 8

Less armour 
Smaller shield 
Face with metal
Open helmet 
Much longer spear - sarissa

Question 9

The phalanx

Answer 9

Deeper than usual - 10-16 men deep
Sarissa designed to penetrate and kill
“Neither shield nor breastplate could resist the force of the sarissa (Plutarch)

Question 10

Subdivisions

Answer 10

Pezhetaeri - ‘foot companions’

Asthetaeri- troops from Upper Macedonia

Question 11

Hypaspists

Answer 11

‘Under shields’
More like standard hoplites
Flank guards for the phalanx

Question 12

Pay and conditions

Answer 12

Regular pay
Generous bounties
Equipment provided

Question 13

Siege engines and artillery

Answer 13

Philip very interested in these

Forms an engineering corps under Polyeides