A. Muscle Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominals
A
Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis
2
Q
Arms
A
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
- Triceps Brachii
- Finger Flexors
- Finger Extensors
3
Q
Back
A
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Trapezius
4
Q
Chest
A
- Pectoralis Major
5
Q
Anterior Legs
A
- Adductor Longus
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- Tibialis Anterior
6
Q
Posterior Legs
A
- Gluteus Maximus
- Semitendonosus
- Semimenbranosus
- Biceps Femoris
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
7
Q
Shoulders
A
- Deltoids
- Infraspinatus (rotator cuff)
- Teres Major (rotator cuff)
8
Q
Muscle Fiber
A
- long, cylindrical cells about 50 to 100 micrometers in diameter with a striated appearance
9
Q
Epimysium
A
- Connective tissue that covers every muscle (very fibrous)
10
Q
Muscle Tendon
A
- Part of the muscle that attaches to the bone (proximal attachment and distal attachment)
11
Q
Periosteum
A
Most outer layer of the bone (vascular connective tissue)
-however, not at surface of joints
12
Q
Perimysium
A
- layer that surrounds each fascicle
13
Q
Fascicle
A
- A group of muscle fibers
14
Q
Endomysium
A
- Layer that surrounds each individual muscle fiber
15
Q
Sarcolemma
A
- The muscle fiber membrane that contains a nucleus and a sarcoplasm
16
Q
Myofibril
A
- Located in the sarcoplasm and contains actin and myosin apparatus
17
Q
Order of Layers of the Skeletal Muscle (large to small)
A
- Muscle Belly –> Epimysium –> Perimysium –> Fascicle –> Sarcolemma –> Single Muscle Fiber –> Sarcoplasm –> Myofibril –> Myofilaments (actin/myosin)
18
Q
Myosin
A
- Thick Filaments with globular head, hinge point, and fibrous tail
19
Q
Cross Bridge
A
- A pair of myosin filaments that interacts with actin
20
Q
Sarcomere
A
- Smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contain the cross bridge with the actin
21
Q
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
A
- intricate system of tubules parallel to the myofibrils and terminates the z-lines
22
Q
Calcium Ions
A
- stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and are regulated to control muscle contraction
23
Q
T-Tubules
A
- run perpendicular to sarcoplasmic reticulum and and terminate around the z-lines (run between each myofibril)
- help to deliver an action potential simultaneously throughout the fibers (calcium released to produce coordinated contraction)
24
Q
Sliding Filament Theory
A
- actin filaments at each end of sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments pulling the z-line toward the center of the sarcomere, therefore shortening the muscle fiber (for contraction)
- H zone shrinks, I-Band shrinks, Myosin pulls on Actin to move it
- very rapid and repeated flexions must occur in many crossbridges throughout each muscle for a measurable muscle movement to occur
25
Q
Concentric Muscle Action
A
- Muscle shortens because of the contractile force is GREATER than resistance
26
Q
Eccentric Muscle Action
A
- Muscle lengthens because contractile force is LESS than the resistance
27
Q
Isometric Muscle Action
A
- Muscle length does not change because contractile force EQUALS resistance force
