A: Metabolism Background

Question 1

Basics of metabolism background:

Answer 1

-living things: energy and building materials + grow and reproduce

-nutrients: molecules/compounds: source of energy and molecular building materials

-processing nutrients: metabolism

-two types of biochemical metabolic reactions: endothermic and exothermic

Question 2

endothermic vs exothermic

Answer 2

-Endothermic: chemical reaction absorbs energy into the system
-Exothermic: Chemical reaction releases energy, Large amount of time

Question 3

what is activation energy?

Answer 3

–Energy required for a reaction to proceed: Reactants → Products
–Energy required to:
* Break old chemical bonds of reactants
* Form new chemical bonds of products

Question 4

what is a catalyst?
how long do they last?
lowering what may allow?

Answer 4

–Substances that lowers the energy of activation meaning chemical reactions occur quicker
-never used-up: Always recycled
–Lowering the activation energy allows many chemical reactions like the Cell Life-span
7

Question 5

the general reaction consists of?

Answer 5

activation energy and catalyst

Question 6

catalysts:
what serves as a biological catalysts?
most enzymes are?
protein is?

Answer 6

-Proteins serve as biological catalysts: Lowering Activation Energy of a reaction through enzymes

-Most enzymes are proteins: Encoded in genetic
material then Transcribed into mRNA Then translated into
protein through ribosomes

-Protein is folded and modified through the Golgi to give a specific shape!

Question 7

enzymes are able to do?

Answer 7

Enzymes are able to do their work by virtue of their
three-dimensional shape: No shape, no reaction

Question 8

enzymatic reaction components:

Answer 8

-Enzyme (protein): Active site which is pocket where reaction
occurs and substrate fits. it is Very specific, only binding a
specific molecule
-substrate(s): Reactant(s) that will be affected by the enzyme at the active site

Question 9

what are Co-Factors (+ Co-Enzymes)?
cannot?
are not?

Answer 9

-Factors that help enzymes: Bringing substrates or carrying away products
-Cannot be made by the host:
–Made from minerals: Zn, Mg, Fe
–Made from vitamins, nucleotides, smaller macromolecules (proteins, RNA)
-Coenzymes are not consumed by the reaction