A level Physical Geography (Hazardous Environments)

Question 1

What are Hazardous Environments?

Answer 1

Areas at risk from natural hazards like Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tropical Storms, Mass Movements

Question 2

What is a Hazard?

Answer 2

a threat that could injure people and damage the known environment.

Question 3

What are the classifications of Natural Hazards?

Answer 3

1. Hazards associated with Atmospheric Disturbances.
2. Hazards associated with Tectonic Plate Movement.
3. Hazards associated with Mass movements.

Question 4

Hazards associated with atmospheric disturbances.

Answer 4

1. Tropical Storms
2. Tornadoes
3. Flooding

Question 5

Hazards associated with plate tectonic movement.

Answer 5

Quakes
Volcanoes
Tsunamis

Question 6

Hazards associated with mass movements.

Answer 6

Landslides
Mudflows
Avalanches
Rockfalls

Question 7

What are tropical storms?

Answer 7

Low pressure spinning storms with high wind speeds and heavy rainfall. most originate in the pacific ocean.

Question 8

Types of tropical storms.

Answer 8

Cyclones
Hurricanes
Typhoons

Question 9

Conditions necessary for development of Tropical Storms?

Answer 9

High Temperature
Low Pressure
Wind shear
Coriolis Force

Question 10

How are tropical storms measured?

Answer 10

The Saffir-Simpson Scale

Question 11

Impacts of tropical storms?

Answer 11

1.Loss of life
2. Damage to property and buildings
3. Destruction of crop lands
4. water Pollution
5. Destruction of Infrastructure

Question 12

Measures taken to limit impacts of tropical storms.

Answer 12

1. Use of weather prediction and forecast.
2. Hazard Resistant Buildings
3. Community Disaster Preparedness
   4.Cloud Seeding
4. Flood control Measures
5. Deforestation and Reforestation
6. Hazard Zonation
7. International Aid.

Question 13

How are tropical storms predicted?

Answer 13

Satellite and airborne remote censors
Satellite images and hurricane hunter planes
Shore-based radars

Question 14

Crustal/Tectonic Hazards

Answer 14

Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Tsunamis

Question 15

Where do Earthquakes occur?

Answer 15

Along the Pacific Ring of Fire
Eastern Coast of China
South east China
Japan
Indonesia
Western part of the Pacific Ocean

Question 16

Hazards associated with earthquakes?

Answer 16

1. Slope failure
2. Ground Movement
3. Soil Liquefaction
4. Tsunamis
5. Flooding

Question 17

The measures to reduce impacts of earthquakes?

Answer 17

1. Prediction and Monitoring
2. Community Preparedness
3. International relief aid
4. Controlled underground explosions
5. Special Hazard building designs

Question 18

How can earthquakes be predicted?

Answer 18

Satellite Survey/ Remote Sensing
Seismometers
Radon Gas Sensors and Sulphur dioxide sensors
Use of Strain meters
Use of tilt meters
Use of Laser reflecters
Dropping of the water table
Strange or unusual animal behaviour

Question 19

Where do Volcanoes occur?

Answer 19

Most volcanoes occur along:
1.destructive/convergent plate margins
2. constructive/divergent plate boundaries
3. on Volcanic hotspots
4. along continental Rift valley

Question 20

Volcanic Hazards

Answer 20

Pyroclastic Flow
Lava Flow
Ash Fall/ Tephra Fall
Lahars
Volcanic Landslides
Tsunami
Torrential Rains
Toxic-Volcanic Gas

Question 21

Why are some volcanoes more hazardous than others?

Answer 21

1. Nature of Eruption
2. Location of the Volcano
3. The ability to predict and monitor volcanoes
4. Type of Eruption