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Chemistry > A Level Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

A Level Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Alcohols (R-OH)

A

Reagent: NaOH (aq)
Conditions: Heat

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2
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Nitriles (R-CN)

A

Reagent: KCN (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat under reflux

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3
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Amines (R-NH2)

A

Reagent: Excess NH3 (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat AND Pressure

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4
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Alkanes (R-H) to Halogenoalkanes (R-X)

A

Reagent: Br2
Conditions: UV

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5
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene/Arenes to Cycloalkanes

A

Reagent: H2
Conditions: Ni/Pt Catalyst

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6
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene to Halogenoarenes

A

Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: Anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst

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7
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the halogenation of side chain of alkylbenzene

A

Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: UV light

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8
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene

A

Reagents: Conc. HNO3 + Conc. H2SO4
Conditions: Reflux at 25°C to 60°C

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9
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the alkylation of benzene

A

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes (R-X)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat

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10
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the acylation of benzene

A

Reagents: Acyl chlorides (R-COCl)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat

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11
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the oxidation of the side-chain in arenes to produce benzoic acid

A

Reagents: Alkaline KMnO4 + Dilute H2SO4
Conditions: Heat under reflux

*NOTE: no matter what the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl or hexyl the product is always going to be benzoic acid

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12
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the diazotization reaction

A

Reagents: Phenylamine + HNO2 + dilute HCl
Conditions: T<10°C

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13
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the production of phenol from diazonium salt

A

Reagents: H2O
Conditions: Warm

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14
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the bromination of phenol

A

Reagents: Br2
Conditions: Room Temperature

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15
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol

A

Reagents: Dilute HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature

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16
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

A

Reagents: Conc. HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature

17
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the coupling reaction between diazonium salts and phenol

A

Reagents: Phenol (in NaOH) + Diazonium Salts
Conditions: T<10°C

18
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl5

A

Reagents: PCl5
Conditions: No Special Conditions

19
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl3

A

Reagents: PCl3
Conditions: Heat

20
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using SOCl2

A

Reagents: SOCl2
Conditions: No Special Conditions

21
Q

Name four reagents that can be used to oxidise methanoic acid and state the observations for each

A

1) Fehling’s: Red Precipitate
2) Tollen’s: Silver mirror
3) Acidified KMnO4: Purple to colourless
4) Acidified K2Cr2O7: Orange to green

22
Q

Name the reagent and conditions that can be used to oxidise ethandioic acid

A

Reagent: Acidified KMnO4
Condition: Warm

*NOTE: Fehling’s and Tollen’s doesn’t work with ethandioic acid

23
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the formation of secondary amines from primary amines

A

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes
Conditions: In ethanol + heat + pressure

24
Q

Name the reagents and the conditions for the production of amines from amides

A

Reagents: LiAlH4
Conditions: Dry ether

25
Q

Name the reagent and conditions for the formation of amines from nitriles

A

Reagents: LiAlH4
Conditions: Dry ether
or
Reagents: H2
Conditions: Ni catalyst

26
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene

A

Reagents: Conc.HCl (followed by NaOH)
Conditions: Sn catalyst + Heat under reflux

27
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the bromination of phenylamine

A

Reagents: Br2
Conditions: Room Temperature

28
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required for the conversion of alcohols to alkenes

A

Reagents: Conc. H2SO4
Conditions: Heat

29
Q

Name the products formed from the acidic hydrolysis of amides

A

1) Carboxylic acid
2) Ammonia (RNH2)

30
Q

Name the products formed from the alkaline hydrolysis of amides

A

1) Carboxylate salt (COO-Na+)
2) Ammonia

31
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required for the production of nitriles

A

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes, KCN
Conditions Heat

32
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required for the production of hydroxynitriles

A

Reagents: Aldehydes/Ketones, HCN
Conditions: KCN catalyst, heat

33
Q

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids

A

Reagents: dilute acid/alkali + acidification
Conditions: Heat

Chemistry (1 decks)

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