A Level Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Alcohols (R-OH)
Reagent: NaOH (aq)
Conditions: Heat
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Nitriles (R-CN)
Reagent: KCN (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat under reflux
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Amines (R-NH2)
Reagent: Excess NH3 (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat AND Pressure
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Alkanes (R-H) to Halogenoalkanes (R-X)
Reagent: Br2
Conditions: UV
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene/Arenes to Cycloalkanes
Reagent: H2
Conditions: Ni/Pt Catalyst
Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene to Halogenoarenes
Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: Anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst
Name the reagents and conditions for the halogenation of side chain of alkylbenzene
Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: UV light
Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene
Reagents: Conc. HNO3 + Conc. H2SO4
Conditions: Reflux at 25°C to 60°C
Name the reagents and conditions for the alkylation of benzene
Reagents: Halogenoalkanes (R-X)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat
Name the reagents and conditions for the acylation of benzene
Reagents: Acyl chlorides (R-COCl)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat
Name the reagents and conditions for the oxidation of the side-chain in arenes to produce benzoic acid
Reagents: Alkaline KMnO4 + Dilute H2SO4
Conditions: Heat under reflux
*NOTE: no matter what the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl or hexyl the product is always going to be benzoic acid
Name the reagents and conditions for the diazotization reaction
Reagents: Phenylamine + HNO2 + dilute HCl
Conditions: T<10°C
Name the reagents and conditions for the production of phenol from diazonium salt
Reagents: H2O
Conditions: Warm
Name the reagents and conditions for the bromination of phenol
Reagents: Br2
Conditions: Room Temperature
Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol
Reagents: Dilute HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature
Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Reagents: Conc. HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature
Name the reagents and conditions for the coupling reaction between diazonium salts and phenol
Reagents: Phenol (in NaOH) + Diazonium Salts
Conditions: T<10°C
Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl5
Reagents: PCl5
Conditions: No Special Conditions
Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl3
Reagents: PCl3
Conditions: Heat
Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using SOCl2
Reagents: SOCl2
Conditions: No Special Conditions
Name four reagents that can be used to oxidise methanoic acid and state the observations for each
1) Fehling’s: Red Precipitate
2) Tollen’s: Silver mirror
3) Acidified KMnO4: Purple to colourless
4) Acidified K2Cr2O7: Orange to green
Name the reagent and conditions that can be used to oxidise ethandioic acid
Reagent: Acidified KMnO4
Condition: Warm
*NOTE: Fehling’s and Tollen’s doesn’t work with ethandioic acid
Name the reagents and conditions for the formation of secondary amines from primary amines
Reagents: Halogenoalkanes
Conditions: In ethanol + heat + pressure
Name the reagents and the conditions for the production of amines from amides
Reagents: LiAlH4
Conditions: Dry ether
