A Level Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Alcohols (R-OH)

Answer 1

Reagent: NaOH (aq)
Conditions: Heat

Question 2

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Nitriles (R-CN)

Answer 2

Reagent: KCN (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat under reflux

Question 3

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Halogenoalkanes (R-X) to Amines (R-NH2)

Answer 3

Reagent: Excess NH3 (in ethanol)
Conditions: Heat AND Pressure

Question 4

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Alkanes (R-H) to Halogenoalkanes (R-X)

Answer 4

Reagent: Br2
Conditions: UV

Question 5

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene/Arenes to Cycloalkanes

Answer 5

Reagent: H2
Conditions: Ni/Pt Catalyst

Question 6

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of Benzene to Halogenoarenes

Answer 6

Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: Anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst

Question 7

Name the reagents and conditions for the halogenation of side chain of alkylbenzene

Answer 7

Reagents: Cl2
Conditions: UV light

Question 8

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of benzene

Answer 8

Reagents: Conc. HNO3 + Conc. H2SO4
Conditions: Reflux at 25°C to 60°C

Question 9

Name the reagents and conditions for the alkylation of benzene

Answer 9

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes (R-X)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat

Question 10

Name the reagents and conditions for the acylation of benzene

Answer 10

Reagents: Acyl chlorides (R-COCl)
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst + Heat

Question 11

Name the reagents and conditions for the oxidation of the side-chain in arenes to produce benzoic acid

Answer 11

Reagents: Alkaline KMnO4 + Dilute H2SO4
Conditions: Heat under reflux

*NOTE: no matter what the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl or hexyl the product is always going to be benzoic acid

Question 12

Name the reagents and conditions for the diazotization reaction

Answer 12

Reagents: Phenylamine + HNO2 + dilute HCl
Conditions: T<10°C

Question 13

Name the reagents and conditions for the production of phenol from diazonium salt

Answer 13

Reagents: H2O
Conditions: Warm

Question 14

Name the reagents and conditions for the bromination of phenol

Answer 14

Reagents: Br2
Conditions: Room Temperature

Question 15

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol

Answer 15

Reagents: Dilute HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature

Question 16

Name the reagents and conditions for the nitration of phenol to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

Answer 16

Reagents: Conc. HNO3
Conditions: Room Temperature

Question 17

Name the reagents and conditions for the coupling reaction between diazonium salts and phenol

Answer 17

Reagents: Phenol (in NaOH) + Diazonium Salts
Conditions: T<10°C

Question 18

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl5

Answer 18

Reagents: PCl5
Conditions: No Special Conditions

Question 19

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using PCl3

Answer 19

Reagents: PCl3
Conditions: Heat

Question 20

Name the reagents and conditions for the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using SOCl2

Answer 20

Reagents: SOCl2
Conditions: No Special Conditions

Question 21

Name four reagents that can be used to oxidise methanoic acid and state the observations for each

Answer 21

1) Fehling’s: Red Precipitate
2) Tollen’s: Silver mirror
3) Acidified KMnO4: Purple to colourless
4) Acidified K2Cr2O7: Orange to green

Question 22

Name the reagent and conditions that can be used to oxidise ethandioic acid

Answer 22

Reagent: Acidified KMnO4
Condition: Warm

*NOTE: Fehling’s and Tollen’s doesn’t work with ethandioic acid

Question 23

Name the reagents and conditions for the formation of secondary amines from primary amines

Answer 23

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes
Conditions: In ethanol + heat + pressure

Question 24

Name the reagents and the conditions for the production of amines from amides

Answer 24

Reagents: LiAlH4
Conditions: Dry ether

Question 25

Name the reagent and conditions for the formation of amines from nitriles

Answer 25

Reagents: LiAlH4 Conditions: Dry ether or Reagents: H2 Conditions: Ni catalyst

Question 26

Name the reagents and conditions for the formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene

Answer 26

Reagents: Conc.HCl (followed by NaOH) Conditions: Sn catalyst + Heat under reflux

Question 27

Name the reagents and conditions for the bromination of phenylamine

Answer 27

Reagents: Br2 Conditions: Room Temperature

Question 28

Name the reagents and conditions required for the conversion of alcohols to alkenes

Answer 28

Reagents: Conc. H2SO4 Conditions: Heat

Question 29

Name the products formed from the acidic hydrolysis of amides

Answer 29

1) Carboxylic acid 2) Ammonia (RNH2)

Question 30

Name the products formed from the alkaline hydrolysis of amides

Answer 30

1) Carboxylate salt (COO-Na+) 2) Ammonia

Question 31

Name the reagents and conditions required for the production of nitriles

Answer 31

Reagents: Halogenoalkanes, KCN Conditions Heat

Question 32

Name the reagents and conditions required for the production of hydroxynitriles

Answer 32

Reagents: Aldehydes/Ketones, HCN Conditions: KCN catalyst, heat

Question 33

Name the reagents and conditions for the conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids

Answer 33

Reagents: dilute acid/alkali + acidification Conditions: Heat