A Level Chemistry - module 4

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 2

What does saturated mean?

Answer 2

Contains single bonds only

Question 3

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 3

Contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds

Question 4

Define homologous series

Answer 4

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but each successive member differing by a CH2

Question 5

Define functional group

Answer 5

Part of molecule largely responsible for molecule’s chemical properties

Question 6

Define aliphatic

Answer 6

Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined in unbranched or branched chain

Question 7

Define acyclic

Answer 7

Hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 8

Define aromatic

Answer 8

Hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

Question 9

Define alkyne

Answer 9

Hydrocarbon containing at least one triple carbon-carbon bond

Question 10

What does the molecular formula show?

Answer 10

Shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 11

What does the empirical formula show?

Answer 11

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 12

What does the general formula show?

Answer 12

Simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 13

What does the displayed formula show?

Answer 13

Shows relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 14

What does the structural formula show?

Answer 14

Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 15

What does the skeletal formula show?

Answer 15

A carbon skeleton showing a simplified organic formula

Question 16

What are structural isomers?

Answer 16

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 17

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 17

Reaction where each of the covalently bonded atoms takes one of the shared electrons, forms 2 radicals

Question 18

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 18

Reaction where one of the covalently bonded atoms takes both the electrons, one becomes -ve and the other +ve

Question 19

What so curly arrows show?

Answer 19

The movement of a pair of electrons

Question 20

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 20

A reaction where two reactants join to make one product

Question 21

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 21

A reaction where an atom/group of atoms is replaced by a different atom/group of atoms

Question 22

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 22

A reaction where

Question 23

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?

Answer 23

1. Chain isomers- Alkyl groups can be in different places
2. Positional isomers- Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
3. Functional group isomers- There can be different functional groups

Question 24

What does nomenclature mean?

Answer 24

The system used for naming organic compounds

Question 25

What is the general formula of alkyl group?

Answer 25

CnH2n+1

Question 26

What is the structure of an alkane?

Answer 26

Saturated hydrocarbons where every carbon atom has four single bonds with other atoms

Question 27

What is the general formula of an alkane?

Answer 27

CnH2n+2

Question 28

What is the shape and bond angle around each carbon atom in alkanes?

Answer 28

Tetrahedral shape with a 109.5 angle- each carbon has four bonding pairs of electrons around it that repel equally

Question 29

What are the single bonds in alkanes called?

Answer 29

Sigma bonds

Question 30

How does a sigma bond form?

Answer 30

When 2 orbitals overlap directly between the bonding atoms

Question 31

Do alkanes have a high/low reactivity and why?

Answer 31

Low reactivity because