a level chem Flashcards
what is transition element
d-block element that forms one or more stable ions with incomplete d-sub-shell
which elements are not transition metals and why
- scandium: its 3+ ion has no es in its 3d subshell
- zinc: its 2+ ion has complete 3d subshell
exceptions of the normal filling of shells
chromium and copper
common oxidation states of:
1.titanium
2.vanadium
3.chromium
4.manganese
5.iron
6.cobalt
7.nickel
8.copper
1- 3,4
2- 2,3,4,5
3- 3,6
4-2,4,6,7
5- 2,3
6- 2,3
7- 2
8- 1,2
in what order do the transition metals lose their es
4s first then 3d
some physical properties of transition metals
- high mp and bp
- high density
- hard and rigid
- good conductors
some chemical properties of transition metals
- have variable oxidation states
- behave as catalysts
- form complex ions
- form colored ions
what is dative bond
a type of covalent bond in which sharing of electron takes place from the same atom.
what is ligand
a molecule or ion with one or more lone pairs of electrons which form dative covalent bond to central transition ion/metal
what is complex ion
a central transition metal ion surrounded by ligands bonded by covalent bonds
what is co-ordinate no
the no of coordinate bonds formed by ligands with a transition element in a complex
what is bidentate ligand
ligand that forms 2 coordinate bonds to central metal
what is monodentate ligand
ligand that forms 1 coordinate bond w central metal
two types of stereoisomers
geometric and optical
what is stability constant
the equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion in a solvent from its constituent ions or molecules
