A Healthy Body Flashcards
Name the five different food groups and state what each of them do in the body.
- Carbohydrates release energy.
- Fats keep us insulated and release energy.
- Protein for growth, cell repair and cell replacement.
- fibre to keep your digestive system running smoothly
- vitamins and minerals to keep your skin, bones and blood healthy.
Define metabolic rate.
The speed at which chemical reactions in your body take place.
Describe 4 factors which can effect your metabolic rate.
- the proportion of muscle to fat in your body. People who have a higher proportion of muscle to fat will have a higher metabolic rate.
- Gender, men tend to have slightly higher metabolic rates because they are slightly bigger and have a larger proportion of muscle.
- genetic factors
- the amount of exercise someone does.
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a microorganism that enters the body and causes disease.
Name the two main types of pathogen and state how they make you feel ill.
1/ Bacteria- damage cells and produce toxins.
2/ Viruses- invade your cells and use it to replicate themselves. Causing the cell to burst and releasing all the new viruses.
How does our body naturally protect itself from pathogens?
Our skin, hairs and mucus in the respiratory tract stops pathogens getting inside the body.
Platelets help cuts to blood clot quickly to seal wounds preventing a micro-organism from entering into the body.
Describe the three ways in which our white blood cells protect us from disease.
1/ White blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them.
2/ Our white blood cells can produce specific antibodies to lock onto and kill the invading cells. These antibodies target specific foreign pathogens which contain antigens. They can then reproduce rapidly and be carried around the body to kill all similar bacteria or viruses.
3/ They can produce antitoxins to counteract toxins produced by invading bacteria.
Describe and explain how vaccination protects people from future infection.
Vaccination involved injecting small amounts of dead or inactive micro-organisms which carry antigens. This stimulates your white blood cells to produce specific antibodies to lock onto and kill the invading cell, even though the micro-organism is harmless because they are dead/inactive. If you are infected with the same live micro-organisms in the future, your white blood cells can recognise the invading cell and produce antibodies rapidly to kill of the pathogen before you can become ill.
What are the pro’s and cons of Vaccination?
PRO’S- Helps control lots of infectious diseases that were once common in the uk.
Prevents an epidemic-big outbreaks of disease.
CON’S- Vaccines do not always work.
May cause a bad reaction to a vaccine.
Why do painkillers not kill bacteria?
Painkillers only relieve pain, they do not tackle the cause of the disease they just reduce the symptoms.
Why is it important to be treated with the right antibiotic?
Different antibiotics kill different types of bacteria, so it is important to be treated with the right one.
Why do antibiotics NOT kill viruses?
Antibiotics do not destroy viruses because viruses reproduce using our own body cells, this makes it difficult for an antibiotic to kill the virus without killing your cell too.
What is antibiotic resistance?
When a bacteria mutate it can become resistant to a type of antibiotic.
If you have an infection, some of the bacteria might be resistant to antibiotics.
When you treat the infection, only the non-resistant strains of bacteria will be killed.
The individual resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce, and the population of the resistant strain will increase, this is an example of natural selection.
This could cause a serious infection that can;t be treated by antibiotics.
How can we slow down the rate of development of resistant strains?
Doctors can avoid over- prescribing antibiotics, you will only be given them for something that is more serious.
What did Ignaz Semmelweis discover?
He discovered that by using antiseptic it can reduce the death rate dramatically. Many women were dying of a disease after child birth. He believed that doctors who were previously treating diseased patients, were spreading these diseases onto women because of there unwashed hands. He told the doctors to was their hands in an antiseptic solution which cut the death rate from 12% to 2%
