a geographic area where organisms, weather, and landscape, work together to form a Flashcards
• a geographic area where organisms, weather, and
landscape, work together to form a
Bubble of life
Ecosystem is…
• a system consisting of
biotic and abiotic
the fundamental unit of nature
Ecosystem
the community plus the environment
Ecosystem
οἶκος” (“oîkos”) meaning
house
“σύστημα” (“sústēma”) meaning
organized body
The term was coined in the early 1930s by the botanist
Roy Clapham
a British Ecologist, first introduced the concept in his
paper entitled “The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts
Arthur Tansley,
Types of Ecosystem
Terrestrial
Ecosystem
FreshwaterEcosystem
Marine
Ecosystem
ArtificialEcosystem
Ecosystem that occurs on land
Terrestrial Ecosystem
consists of various plants, particularly trees and also animals
that are teeming in a forest. They help maintain the earth’s temperature. They are
also a major carbon sink
Forest ecosystem
typically found in tropical or temperate regions. They are
dominated by grasses. As such, the animals commonly found in this type of ecosystem
are grazing animals, such as cattle, goats, and deer
Grassland ecosystem
characterized as being treeless and snow-covered. The ice
that covers the land is important in regulating the earth’s temperature. It also serves
as a water reservoir
Tundra ecosystem
occurs in desert habitats. Deserts are typically arid and windy,
contains sand dunes, others, mostly rock. Organisms in the desert possess adaptations
that make them suited to their environment. Plants that are commonly found in the desert
are CAM plants, such as cacti. Desert animals include insects, reptiles, and birds
Desert ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems that do not contain saltwater
Freshwater Ecosystem
ecosystems in still waters
Lentic ecosystem
when ecosystem becomes very well established that different zones are
formed
Zonation
3 Types of Zones
Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone
2 types of Limnetic zone
Photic zone
Benthic zone
part that is near the shore. Here, light can penetrate up to the bottom.
Littoral zone
zone in which light does not completely penetrate through.
Limnetic zone
the part of the limnetic zone that is penetrated by light
Photic zone
the zone in which light cannot penetrate through
Benthic zone
located below the range of effective light penetration
Profundal zone
an aquatic ecosystem characterized by a freshwater
habitat that is freely flowing
Lotic ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystem that contains saltwater and regarded as
the most abundant type of ecosystem in the world
Marine Ecosystem
A man-made system, which can be further classified as
terrestrial, freshwater, or marine
Artificial Ecosystem
Examples of Ecosystems
Deciduous Forest Ecosystem
2. Savannah Ecosystem
3. Coral Reef Ecosystem
4. Hot spring Ecosystem
5. Micro-ecosystem
dominated
by trees that shed leaves
seasonally and then regrow
their leaves at the start of the
new growing season
Deciduous forest
are a mix of
woodland and grassland
ecosystems
Savannah
an ecosystem
created by reef-building
corals
Coral reef
a spring with
water temperatures that are
higher relative to its
surroundings
Hot spring
are
ecosystems confined to small or
tiny spaces and yet defined by
specific environmental factors
Micro-ecosystems
Examples of Biotic
Producers
• Consumers (herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores)
• Decomposers
Examples of Abiotic
Air
• Soil
•Sunlight
• Water
a component that includes all the living things
Biotic
2 major types of living things
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
characterized by having membrane-bound organelles
(such as a nucleus) inside their cells. Examples are plants, animals, fungi,
and protists.
Ecosystem
are those lacking membrane-bound organelles.
Examples are bacteria and archaea
Prokaryotes
they are capable of producing their own food through
photosynthesis. Examples are plants
Producers
they feed on the producers. Examples are animals
Consumers
3 Types of consumers
Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Omnivores
consumers that feed on plants.
Herbivores
consumers that feed on other meat
Carnivores
feed on both plant and meat
Omnivores
component that includes all the non-living things
Abiotic
components whose biological activity creates an impact in
the ecosystem
Biotic
include the non-living things and the physical aspects of an ecosystem,
such as climate, temperature, and pH
Abiotic
the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem
Production
the productivity of the autotrophs, such
as plants
Primary Production
the productivity of the heterotrophs,
such as animals.
Secondary Production
Energy from the sun is captured by the chloroplasts inside the
cells of photoautotrophs. Inside the chloroplast, the light energy
drives the conversion of inorganic substrates into energy
reserves, like sugar molecules
Primary Production
is a biological process through which plants manufacture their
own food with the aid of light from the sun and from inorganic sources (e.g. carbon
dioxide and water)
Photosynthesis
By feeding on the plants, the energy flows from the producer to
the consumer. Then, it flows from one consumer to the next. In
the presence of oxygen, glucose is processed to synthesize
chemical energy via cellular respiration. Energy stored in food
molecules is released through a series of oxidation reactions. As
the food molecule is fully oxidized, the final byproduct is carbon
dioxide, which is released through exhalation in breathing
animals
Secondary Production
Decomposers are the last group of organisms through which
energy flows through. They consume the droppings and
carcasses of all living things and releasing these elements for
nutrient cycling, or for use by other living organisms
Nutrient Cycling
is the ecological process in which decomposers break down organic
matters which are neither lost nor destroyed.
Decomposition
is a succession in which the new land is
colonized for the first time
Primary Succession
is a succession in an area that was previously
occupied by a community but was disturbed and replaced by recolonization
Secondary Succession
are hardy species that are
the first to colonize barren environments or
previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems
Pioneer Species
species that emerge
due to changes in the environment brought on
by the growth of grasses and forbs
Intermediate Species
is the “endpoint” or
“equilibrium” of succession within the context of
a particular climate and geography
Climax community
