a geographic area where organisms, weather, and landscape, work together to form a

Question 1

• a geographic area where organisms, weather, and
landscape, work together to form a

Answer 1

Bubble of life

Question 2

Ecosystem is…
• a system consisting of

Answer 2

biotic and abiotic

Question 3

the fundamental unit of nature

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

the community plus the environment

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

οἶκος” (“oîkos”) meaning

Answer 5

house

Question 6

“σύστημα” (“sústēma”) meaning

Answer 6

organized body

Question 7

The term was coined in the early 1930s by the botanist

Answer 7

Roy Clapham

Question 8

a British Ecologist, first introduced the concept in his
paper entitled “The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts

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Arthur Tansley,

Question 9

Types of Ecosystem

Answer 9

Terrestrial
Ecosystem

FreshwaterEcosystem

Marine
Ecosystem

ArtificialEcosystem

Question 10

Ecosystem that occurs on land

Answer 10

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Question 11

consists of various plants, particularly trees and also animals
that are teeming in a forest. They help maintain the earth’s temperature. They are
also a major carbon sink

Answer 11

Forest ecosystem

Question 12

typically found in tropical or temperate regions. They are
dominated by grasses. As such, the animals commonly found in this type of ecosystem
are grazing animals, such as cattle, goats, and deer

Answer 12

Grassland ecosystem

Question 13

characterized as being treeless and snow-covered. The ice
that covers the land is important in regulating the earth’s temperature. It also serves
as a water reservoir

Answer 13

Tundra ecosystem

Question 14

occurs in desert habitats. Deserts are typically arid and windy,
contains sand dunes, others, mostly rock. Organisms in the desert possess adaptations
that make them suited to their environment. Plants that are commonly found in the desert
are CAM plants, such as cacti. Desert animals include insects, reptiles, and birds

Answer 14

Desert ecosystem

Question 15

Aquatic ecosystems that do not contain saltwater

Answer 15

Freshwater Ecosystem

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ecosystems in still waters

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Lentic ecosystem

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when ecosystem becomes very well established that different zones are
formed

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Zonation

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3 Types of Zones

Answer 18

Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone

Question 19

2 types of Limnetic zone

Answer 19

Photic zone
Benthic zone

Question 20

part that is near the shore. Here, light can penetrate up to the bottom.

Answer 20

Littoral zone

Question 21

zone in which light does not completely penetrate through.

Answer 21

Limnetic zone

Question 22

the part of the limnetic zone that is penetrated by light

Answer 22

Photic zone

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the zone in which light cannot penetrate through

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Benthic zone

Question 24

located below the range of effective light penetration

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Profundal zone

Question 25

an aquatic ecosystem characterized by a freshwater
habitat that is freely flowing

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Lotic ecosystem

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Aquatic ecosystem that contains saltwater and regarded as
the most abundant type of ecosystem in the world

Answer 26

Marine Ecosystem

Question 27

A man-made system, which can be further classified as
terrestrial, freshwater, or marine

Answer 27

Artificial Ecosystem

Question 28

Examples of Ecosystems

Answer 28

Deciduous Forest Ecosystem
2. Savannah Ecosystem
3. Coral Reef Ecosystem
4. Hot spring Ecosystem
5. Micro-ecosystem

Question 29

dominated
by trees that shed leaves
seasonally and then regrow
their leaves at the start of the
new growing season

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Deciduous forest

Question 30

are a mix of
woodland and grassland
ecosystems

Answer 30

Savannah

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an ecosystem
created by reef-building
corals

Answer 31

Coral reef

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a spring with
water temperatures that are
higher relative to its
surroundings

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Hot spring

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are
ecosystems confined to small or
tiny spaces and yet defined by
specific environmental factors

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Micro-ecosystems

Question 34

Examples of Biotic

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Producers
• Consumers (herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores)
• Decomposers

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Examples of Abiotic

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Air
• Soil
•Sunlight
• Water

Question 36

a component that includes all the living things

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Biotic

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2 major types of living things

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Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

Question 38

characterized by having membrane-bound organelles
(such as a nucleus) inside their cells. Examples are plants, animals, fungi,
and protists.

Answer 38

Ecosystem

Question 39

are those lacking membrane-bound organelles.
Examples are bacteria and archaea

Answer 39

Prokaryotes

Question 40

they are capable of producing their own food through
photosynthesis. Examples are plants

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Producers

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they feed on the producers. Examples are animals

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Consumers

Question 42

3 Types of consumers

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Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Omnivores

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consumers that feed on plants.

Answer 43

Herbivores

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consumers that feed on other meat

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Carnivores

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feed on both plant and meat

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Omnivores

Question 46

component that includes all the non-living things

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Abiotic

Question 47

components whose biological activity creates an impact in
the ecosystem

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Biotic

Question 48

include the non-living things and the physical aspects of an ecosystem,
such as climate, temperature, and pH

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Abiotic

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the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem

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Production

Question 50

the productivity of the autotrophs, such
as plants

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Primary Production

Question 51

the productivity of the heterotrophs,
such as animals.

Answer 51

Secondary Production

Question 52

Energy from the sun is captured by the chloroplasts inside the
cells of photoautotrophs. Inside the chloroplast, the light energy
drives the conversion of inorganic substrates into energy
reserves, like sugar molecules

Answer 52

Primary Production

Question 53

is a biological process through which plants manufacture their
own food with the aid of light from the sun and from inorganic sources (e.g. carbon
dioxide and water)

Answer 53

Photosynthesis

Question 54

By feeding on the plants, the energy flows from the producer to
the consumer. Then, it flows from one consumer to the next. In
the presence of oxygen, glucose is processed to synthesize
chemical energy via cellular respiration. Energy stored in food
molecules is released through a series of oxidation reactions. As
the food molecule is fully oxidized, the final byproduct is carbon
dioxide, which is released through exhalation in breathing
animals

Answer 54

Secondary Production

Question 55

Decomposers are the last group of organisms through which
energy flows through. They consume the droppings and
carcasses of all living things and releasing these elements for
nutrient cycling, or for use by other living organisms

Answer 55

Nutrient Cycling

Question 56

is the ecological process in which decomposers break down organic
matters which are neither lost nor destroyed.

Answer 56

Decomposition

Question 57

is a succession in which the new land is
colonized for the first time

Answer 57

Primary Succession

Question 58

is a succession in an area that was previously
occupied by a community but was disturbed and replaced by recolonization

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Secondary Succession

Question 59

are hardy species that are
the first to colonize barren environments or
previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems

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Pioneer Species

Question 60

species that emerge
due to changes in the environment brought on
by the growth of grasses and forbs

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Intermediate Species

Question 61

is the “endpoint” or
“equilibrium” of succession within the context of
a particular climate and geography

Answer 61

Climax community