A few more for Exam 3 :)

Question 1

Transgenesis

Answer 1

Put something new into the genome but don’t care where it goes. uses NHEJ.

Question 2

Gene Targeting (i.e. Targeted mutation)

Answer 2

CRISPR. New sequences are put into a defined genetic locus. Uses HDR

Question 3

Compare NHEJ and HDR

Answer 3

NHEJ is fast and inexact. Can cause insertions or deletions

HDR is a much more exact repair and can do a precise insertion or modification

Question 4

What is a conditional knockout?

Answer 4

a targeted mutation that targets specific tissues

Question 5

What is a knockout?

Answer 5

a targeted mutation of an existing known gene

Question 6

what is a knock-in?

Answer 6

a targeted mutation that swaps out something new for a known existing gene

Question 7

what is the difference between ddNTPs and dNTPs?

Answer 7

dNTPs have an OH on the 3’ Carbon. They are present in DNA.

ddNTPs lack the OH on the 3’ Carbon. They allow the reaction of addition of nucleotides to halt.

Question 8

What is the significance of the 3’ OH group on a dNTP?

Answer 8

this is where other dNTPs attach