A+E Flashcards
Components of LA?
Anaesthetic, vasoconstrictor, vehicle, reducing agent, fungicide, preservative
What is anaphylaxis and what would you see?
Type I hypersensitivity
Swelling of tissue, facial flushing, cold and clammy skin, urticaria, wheezing, tachycardia, hypotension
Management anaphylaxis?
Lay pt flat
Adminsister 0.5ml adrenaline IM - repeat after 5 mins if needed
Ensure clear airway - 100% oxygen
Role of adrenaline?
Reverse peripheral vasodilation and reduce oedema
Dilation of airway
Suppress histamine and leyukotrine release
How may anaphylaxis be tx hospital?
10-20mg chlorphenamine IV
100mg hydrocortisone - reduce oedema and stabilise mast cell
Symptoms that might prompt to use adrenaline?
Angio-oedema - bronchospasm, larygngoedma, hypotension
Hospital tx?
- Observation
- Oxygen w/ face mask to help breathing
- Fluid - increase BP
- Antihistamien and steroid to relive symptoms
Use of immunologist?
IgE mediated attack occur previously sensitised people -
Referred to identify cause - reduce risk future reaction
What medical conditions/ allergies may put pt at risk of latex allergy?
Risk: atopy, spinabifida, asthma, hay fever, eczema
Food: avocado, chestnut, banana, kiwi
Immunological cross-reactivity between proteins and enzyme in food and latex
What is urticarial rash?
Raised, itchy red rash
Often caused high level of histamine -allergic reaction, infection, cold/ head exposure
First symptom of anaphylaxis
Tx urticarial rash?
Often not needed
Antihistamine can help discomfort
Short course steroid - severe case
Referral allergy testing (if +6week unlikely to be allergy)