A+E Flashcards

1
Q

Components of LA?

A

Anaesthetic, vasoconstrictor, vehicle, reducing agent, fungicide, preservative

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2
Q

What is anaphylaxis and what would you see?

A

Type I hypersensitivity

Swelling of tissue, facial flushing, cold and clammy skin, urticaria, wheezing, tachycardia, hypotension

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3
Q

Management anaphylaxis?

A

Lay pt flat
Adminsister 0.5ml adrenaline IM - repeat after 5 mins if needed
Ensure clear airway - 100% oxygen

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4
Q

Role of adrenaline?

A

Reverse peripheral vasodilation and reduce oedema
Dilation of airway
Suppress histamine and leyukotrine release

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5
Q

How may anaphylaxis be tx hospital?

A

10-20mg chlorphenamine IV

100mg hydrocortisone - reduce oedema and stabilise mast cell

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6
Q

Symptoms that might prompt to use adrenaline?

A

Angio-oedema - bronchospasm, larygngoedma, hypotension

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7
Q

Hospital tx?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Oxygen w/ face mask to help breathing
  3. Fluid - increase BP
  4. Antihistamien and steroid to relive symptoms
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8
Q

Use of immunologist?

A

IgE mediated attack occur previously sensitised people -

Referred to identify cause - reduce risk future reaction

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9
Q

What medical conditions/ allergies may put pt at risk of latex allergy?

A

Risk: atopy, spinabifida, asthma, hay fever, eczema
Food: avocado, chestnut, banana, kiwi

Immunological cross-reactivity between proteins and enzyme in food and latex

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10
Q

What is urticarial rash?

A

Raised, itchy red rash
Often caused high level of histamine -allergic reaction, infection, cold/ head exposure
First symptom of anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Tx urticarial rash?

A

Often not needed
Antihistamine can help discomfort
Short course steroid - severe case
Referral allergy testing (if +6week unlikely to be allergy)

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