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A/E Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that cause a disulfiram-like effect when mixed with ETOH

A
  1. Antibiotics: metronidazole, cephalosporins (ie cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefotetan)
  2. 1st gen sulphonylureas: chlorprompamide, tolbutamide
  3. griseofulvin (antifungal)
  • ETOH –ADH–> acetaldehyde –Aldehyde dehydrogenase–> acetate.
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase is blocked by disulfiram.
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2
Q

P-450 Inhibitors

A
  • “SICKFACES.COM”
  • Sodium valproate
  • Isoniazid
  • Cimetidine
  • Ketoconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Acute alcohol abuse
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Erythromycin (macrolides)
  • Sulfonamides
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Omeprazole
  • Metronidazole
  • cimetidine and omeprazole
  • macrolides (NOT azithromycin), chloramphenicol, erythromycin
  • ketoconazole and itraconazole
  • isoniazid (INH)
  • acute ETOH
  • grapefruit juice***
  • fluoxetine/fluvoxamine (3A4 and 2D6)
  • Ritonavir***
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3
Q

P-450 Inducers

A

“Chronic Alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs”

  • Chronic alcohol use
  • ST. John’s Wort
  • PHENytoin
  • PHENobarbital
  • NEVirapine
  • Rifampin
  • GRiseofulvin
  • CARBamazepine
  • anticonvulsants: phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, barbiturates
  • chronic ETOH
  • cigarette smoking
  • glucocorticoids*
  • rifampin
  • st john’s wort
  • atorvastatin
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4
Q

acetaminophen toxicity antidote

A

n-acetylcysteine, replenishes glutathione

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5
Q

anticholinergics (antimuscarinics) toxicity antidote

A

physostigmine, control hyperthermia

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6
Q

arsenic and mercury toxicity antidote

A
  • dimercaprol, d-penicillamine (arsenic also succimer)

- MERcury: diMERcaprol, succiMER

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7
Q

benzodiazepines toxicity antidote

A

flumazenil

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8
Q

beta-blocker toxicity antidote

A

glucagon, atropine

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9
Q

botulism toxicity antidote

A

botulinum antitoxin

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10
Q

CCB toxicity antidote

A

calcium, glucagon

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11
Q

cyanide toxicity antidote

A

amyl nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxycobalamin

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12
Q

digitalis glycosides toxicity antidote

A

digoxin-specific GAB

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13
Q

ethylene glycol toxicity antidote

A

fomepizole > ethanol, pyridoxine, dialysis

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14
Q

heparin toxicity antidote

A

protamine

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15
Q

iron toxicity antidote

A

deFEroxamin, deFErasirox, deFEriprone

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16
Q

lead toxicity antidote

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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17
Q

methanol toxicity antidote

A

ethanol, fomepizole

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18
Q

methotrexate toxicity antidote

A

folate, leucovorin

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19
Q

opiates toxicity antidote

A

naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene

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20
Q

carbamates, (ACEI) and organophosphates toxicity antidote

A

atropine > pralidoxime

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21
Q

serotonin syndrome treatment

A

cyproheptadine

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22
Q

tricyclic antidepressant toxicity antidote

A

sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

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23
Q

warfarin toxicity antidote

A

vitamin K (delayed effect), fresh frozen plasma (Immediate)

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24
Q

copper toxicity antidote

A

penicillamine, trientine (copper penny)

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25
Q

methemoglobin

A

METHylene blue, Vit C

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26
Q

salicylates

A

NaHCO3 aka Na bicarb (alkalinize urine) , dialysis

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27
Q

Drugs that cause coronary vasospasm

A
  • amphetamines
  • cocaine
  • ergot alkaloids
  • sumatriptan
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28
Q

Drugs that cause cutaneous flushing

A
  • VANNCE
  • Vancomycin
  • Adenosine
  • Niacin
  • Nitrates
  • Ca2+ channel blockers
  • Echinocandins
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29
Q

Drugs that cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • anthracyclines (ie doxorubicin, daunorubicin):

- prevent with dexarazoxane

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30
Q

Drugs that cause torsades de pointes

A
  • anti-Arrhythmatics (class IA and III)
  • anti-Biotics (ie macrolides)
  • anti-“C”ychotics (ie haloperidol)
  • anti-Depressants (Ie TCA)
  • anti-Emetics (ie ondansetron, metoclopromide)
  • ABCDE
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31
Q

Drugs that cause adrenocortical insufficiency

A
  • HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
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32
Q

Drugs that cause DI

A
  • lithium, demeclocycline
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33
Q

Drugs that cause hot flashes

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

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34
Q

Drugs that cause hyperglycemia

A
  • “Taking Pills Necessitates Having blood Checked”
  • Tacrolimus
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Niacin
  • HCTZ
  • Corticosteroids
35
Q

Drugs that cause hypothyroidism

A

Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

36
Q

Drugs that cause SIADH

A
  • “Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium”
  • Carbamazepine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • SSRIs
37
Q

Drugs that cause acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

erythromycin

38
Q

Drugs that cause diarrhea

A
  • acamprostate
  • acarbose
  • cholinesterase inhibitors
  • colchicine
  • erythromycin
  • ezetimibe
  • metformin
  • misoprostol
  • orlistat
  • pramlintide
  • quinidine
  • SSRIs
39
Q

Drugs that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A
  • Liver “HAVAc”
  • Halothane
  • Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
  • Valproic acid
  • Acetaminophen
40
Q

Drugs that cause hepatitis

A
  • rifampin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • statins
  • fibrates
41
Q

Drugs that cause Pancreatitis

A
  • “Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”
  • Didanosine
  • Corticosteroids
  • Alcohol
  • Valproic Acid
  • Azathioprine
  • Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
42
Q

Drugs that cause pill-induced esophagitis

A
  • bisphosphonates
  • ferrous sulfate
  • NSAIDS
  • potassium chloride
  • tetracyclines
  • Caustic effect minimized with upright posture and adequate water ingestion
43
Q

Drugs that cause pseudomembranous colitis

A
  • Ampicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • clindamycin
  • fluoroquinolones
  • antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile
44
Q

P-450 Substrates

A
  • “Always Think When Outdoors”
  • Antiepileptics
  • Theophylline
  • Warfarin
  • OCPs
45
Q

Sulfa Drugs

A
  • “Scary Sulfa Pharm FACTS”
  • Sulfonamide antibiotics
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Probenacid
  • Furosemide
  • Acetazolamide
  • Celecoxib
  • Thiazides
  • Sulfonylureas
  • Pts with sulfa allergies may develop: fever, UTI, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and urticaria (hives). Sx can be mild to life threatening
46
Q

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A
  • type of severe skin reaction
  • Early symptoms include fever and flu-like symptoms.
  • A few days later the skin begins to blister and peel forming painful raw areas.
  • Mucous membranes, such as the mouth, are also typically involved.
  • Complications include dehydration, sepsis, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure.
47
Q

Drugs that cause cinchonism

A
  • quinidine, quinine

- can present w/ tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis and cognitive impairment

48
Q

Drugs that cause parkinson-like syndrome

A
  • “Cogwheel rigidity of the ARM”
  • Antipsychotics
  • Reserpine
  • Metoclopramide
49
Q

Drugs that cause seizures

A
  • “With seizures, I BITE my tongue”
  • Isoniazid (vit B6 deficiency)
  • Bupropion
  • Imipenem/cilastatin
  • Tramadol
  • Enflurane
50
Q

Drugs that cause tardive dyskinesia

A
  • antipsychotics

- metoclopramide

51
Q

serotonin syndrome sx

A

rigidity, tremor, hyperthermia, confusion

52
Q

Pts with

A

fever, UTI, stevens-johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and urticaria (hives). Sx can be mild to life threatening

53
Q

Drugs that cause fanconi syndrome

A
  • cisplatin
  • ifosfamide
  • expired tetracyclines
  • tenofovir
  • fanconi syndrome: inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules of the kidney –> RTA
54
Q

Drugs that cause hemorrhagic cystitis

A
  • cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

- prevent by coadministering with mesna

55
Q

Drugs that cause interstitial nephritis

A
  • penicillins
  • furosemide
  • NSAIDS
  • PPI
  • Sulfa drugs
56
Q

Drugs that cause dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

57
Q

Drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • “My Nose Cannot Breathe Bad Air”
  • Methotrexate
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Carmustine
  • Bleomycin
  • Busulfan
  • Amiodarone
58
Q

fanconi syndrome

A
  • inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules of the kidney. It results in various small molecules of metabolism being passed into the urine instead of being reabsorbed from the tubular fluid (for example, glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, and bicarbonate).
  • Fanconi syndrome affects the PCT
  • causes Renal tubular acidosis
59
Q

Drugs that cause Antimuscarinic symptoms

A
  • atropine
  • TCAs
  • H1 blockers
  • antipsychotics
60
Q

Drugs that cause disulfiram-like reactions

A
  • “Sorry Pals, Can’t Go Mingle”
  • 1st generation Sulfonylureas
  • Procarbazine
  • certain Cephalosporins
  • Greseofulvin
  • Metronidazole
61
Q

Drugs that cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • vancomycin
  • loop diuretics
  • cisplatin
  • amphotericin B
  • cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine
62
Q

Drugs that cause agranulocytosis

A
  • “Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse of Granulocytes”
  • Clozapine
  • Carbamazepine
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Methimazole
  • Colchicine
  • Ganciclovir
63
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A
  • “Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”
  • Carbamazepine
  • Methimazole
  • NSAIDs
  • Benzene
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Propylthiouracil
64
Q

Drugs that cause direct coombs + hemolytic anemia

A
  • methyldopa, penicillin
65
Q

Drugs that cause drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

A
  • allopurinol
  • anticonvulsants
  • antibiotics
  • sulfa drugs
  • potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Latency period 2-8w, followed by fever, morbilliform skin rash, and frequent multiorgan involvement
  • Tx: withdrawal of offending drugs, corticosteroids.
66
Q

Drugs that cause gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

67
Q

Drugs that cause Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A
  • “Hemolysis IS D PAIN”
  • Isoniazid
  • Sulfonamides
  • Dapsone
  • Primaquine
  • Aspirin
  • Ibuprofen
  • Nitrofurantoin
68
Q

Drugs that cause Megaloblastic anemia

A
  • “YoU’Re having a MEGA BLAST with PMS”
  • hydroxYURea
  • Phenytoin
  • Methotrexate
  • Sulfa drugs
69
Q

Drugs that cause thrombocytopenia

70
Q

Drugs that cause thrombotic complications

A
  • combined OCP, hormone replacement therapy, SERMS (ie tamoxifen, raloxifene, clomiphene)
  • estrogen mediated side effect
71
Q

DRESS syndrome

A
  • drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
  • potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
  • Latency period 2-8w, followed by fever, morbilliform skin rash, and frequent multiorgan involvement
  • Tx: withdrawal of offending drugs, corticosteroids.
72
Q

Drugs that cause fat redistribution

A
  • “Fat PiG”
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Glucocorticoids
73
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A
  • phenytoin, CCB, cyclosporine
74
Q

Drugs that cause hyperuricemia (gout)

A
  • “Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care”
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Thiazides
  • Furosemide
  • Niavin
  • Cyclosporine
75
Q

Drugs that cause myopathy

A
  • statins
  • fibrates
  • niacin
  • colchicine
  • daptomycin
  • hydrozychloroquine
  • interferon-α
  • penicillamine
  • glucocorticoids
76
Q

Drugs that cause osteoporosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • depot medrozyprogesterone acetate
  • GnRH agonists
  • aromatase inhibitors
  • anticonvulsants
  • heparin
77
Q

Drugs that cause photosensitivity

A
  • “SAT For Photo”
  • Sulfonamides
  • Amiodarone
  • Tetracyclines
  • 5-FU
78
Q

Drugs that cause Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

A
  • “Steven Johnson has epileptic allergy to sulfa drugs and penicillin”
  • anti-epileptic drugs (esp lamotrigine)
  • allopurinol
  • sulfa drugs
  • penicillin
79
Q

Drugs that cause SLE-like syndrome

A
  • “having lupus is “SHIPP-E”
  • Sulfa drugs
  • Hydralazine
  • Isoniazid
  • Procainamide
  • Phenytoin
  • Etanercept
80
Q

Drugs that cause teeth discoloration

A

tetracyclines (teethracyclines)

81
Q

Drugs that cause tendonitis, tendon rupture and cartilage damage

A

fluoroquinolones

82
Q

Drugs that increase pupil size

A
  • anticholinergics (atropine, TCA, topicamide, scopolamine, antiH)
  • DOA: amphetamines, cocaine, LSD
  • sympathanomimetics
83
Q

Drugs that decrease pupil size

A
  • antipsychotics (haloperidol, resperidone, olanzapine)
  • DOA: heroin/opioids
  • parasympathomimetics (pilocarpine)
  • organophosphates)

FA Pharm (1 decks)

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