A Closer Look Flashcards
Hernia
A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
Hiatal hernia
Occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal in the diaphragm..
Inguinal hernia
Occurs when part of the intestines protrudes downwards into the growing region and commonly into the scrotal sac.
Streptococcus
A berry shaped bacterium grows in twisted chains
Staphylococci
Barry shaped bacteria that grows in small clusters like grapes
MRSA
A serious staphylococcal Condition that is difficult to treat with antibiotics.
Diplococci
Berry shaped bacteria organized in pairs (dipl/o = two)
Pneumocci
Cause bacterial pneumonia.
Where are erythrocytes (red blood cells) made
In the bone marrow
What do red blood cells do?
They carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells.
How many different types of leukocytes are there?
5, three granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells), and two mononucleosis cells
Contain dark staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus
Granulocytes
Where are granulocytes formed
In the bone marrow.
What are the three types of granulocytes?
Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
Eosinophils
(Granules stain red with acid stain)- These are increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of white blood cells are eosinophils.
Basophils
(Granules stain blue with basic stain) - The function of these cells is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation.
Less the 1% of leukocytes
Neutrophils
(Granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain).
Are the most important disease fighting cells and the most numerous, about 50~60% of all leukocytes are neutrophils.
Phagocytes
Neutrophils are phagocytes - engulfing and digesting bactiria
Mononuclear cells
Have one large nucleus and only a few granules in their cytoplasm.
Where are mononuclear cells produced?
They are produced in bone marrow as well as in lymph nodes and in the spleen
How many types of mononuclear cells are there?
Two
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Lymphocyts
Fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. They also may attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them. 2 types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. About 32% percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes.
Monocytes
Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. Monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissue (such as lung and liver) to become macrophages (large phagocytes).
Monocytes make up about 4% of all leukocytes.
Acromegaly
Is an endocrine disorder it occurs when the peptilitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.
