A Closer Look

Question 1

Hernia

Answer 1

A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.

Question 2

Hiatal hernia

Answer 2

Occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal in the diaphragm..

Question 3

Inguinal hernia

Answer 3

Occurs when part of the intestines protrudes downwards into the growing region and commonly into the scrotal sac.

Question 4

Streptococcus

Answer 4

A berry shaped bacterium grows in twisted chains

Question 5

Staphylococci

Answer 5

Barry shaped bacteria that grows in small clusters like grapes

Question 6

MRSA

Answer 6

A serious staphylococcal Condition that is difficult to treat with antibiotics.

Question 7

Diplococci

Answer 7

Berry shaped bacteria organized in pairs (dipl/o = two)

Question 8

Pneumocci

Answer 8

Cause bacterial pneumonia.

Question 9

Where are erythrocytes (red blood cells) made

Answer 9

In the bone marrow

Question 10

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 10

They carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells.

Question 11

How many different types of leukocytes are there?

Answer 11

5, three granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells), and two mononucleosis cells

Question 12

Contain dark staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus

Answer 12

Granulocytes

Question 13

Where are granulocytes formed

Answer 13

In the bone marrow.

Question 14

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 14

Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

Question 15

Eosinophils

Answer 15

(Granules stain red with acid stain)- These are increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of white blood cells are eosinophils.

Question 16

Basophils

Answer 16

(Granules stain blue with basic stain) - The function of these cells is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation.
Less the 1% of leukocytes

Question 17

Neutrophils

Answer 17

(Granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain).
Are the most important disease fighting cells and the most numerous, about 50~60% of all leukocytes are neutrophils.

Question 18

Phagocytes

Answer 18

Neutrophils are phagocytes - engulfing and digesting bactiria

Question 19

Mononuclear cells

Answer 19

Have one large nucleus and only a few granules in their cytoplasm.

Question 20

Where are mononuclear cells produced?

Answer 20

They are produced in bone marrow as well as in lymph nodes and in the spleen

Question 21

How many types of mononuclear cells are there?

Answer 21

Two
Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 22

Lymphocyts

Answer 22

Fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. They also may attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them. 2 types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. About 32% percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes.

Question 23

Monocytes

Answer 23

Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. Monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissue (such as lung and liver) to become macrophages (large phagocytes).
Monocytes make up about 4% of all leukocytes.

Question 24

Acromegaly

Answer 24

Is an endocrine disorder it occurs when the peptilitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.

Question 25

Laparoscopy

Answer 25

Is a minimally invasive surgery used to visualy examine the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope