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September 2017 > A and P Exam 1 > Flashcards

A and P Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

dense tissue appears what color on xray

A

light

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2
Q

X ray without overlap

A

CT scan

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3
Q

3D CT scan (can be rotated on any axis)

A

DSR Scan

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4
Q

allows us to see if blood vessels are working properly

A

DSA

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5
Q

looking at metabolic activities

A

PET Scan

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6
Q

breaking things down

A

catabolism

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7
Q

building proteins

A

anabolism

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8
Q

incorporates force of gravity

A

weight

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9
Q

substances that cannot be decomposed into smaller substances

A

elements

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10
Q

6 most common elements

A

O,C,N,P,Ca, and H.

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11
Q

form to shape of their container

A

liquids

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12
Q

example of chemical bonds

A

stored energy in glycogen or fat molecules

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13
Q

how do we take energy out?

A

by breaking bonds

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14
Q

muscle contractions use what type of energy

A

electrical

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15
Q

when we move what type of energy do we use

A

mechanical

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16
Q

what are elements composed of

A

atoms

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17
Q

number of protons=

A

atomic number

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18
Q

atomic mass=

A

number of protons + number of neutrons

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19
Q

combination of two or more atoms from a chemical reaction

A

molecule

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20
Q

substance that can be broken down into two or more others by chemical means

A

compound

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21
Q

bonding where a transfer of electrons occurs

A

Ionic

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22
Q

what are ions in our body called

A

electrolytes

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23
Q

which are more stable….ionic or covalent

A

covalent

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24
Q

what type of bonding holds DNA together

A

Hydrogen bonding

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25
Q

temporarily attractive force

A

Hydrogen bonding

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26
Q

between which molecules can hydrogen bonding occur

A

H and O or H and N

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27
Q

putting two glucose molecules together to form maltose would be what type of chemical reaction

A

synthesis

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28
Q

reaction that releases energy

A

exergonic

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29
Q

reactants have more energy than products

A

exergonic

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30
Q

is an exergonic reaction anabolic or catabolic

A

catabolic

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31
Q

does oxidation or reduction occur during an exergonic reaction

A

oxidation

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32
Q

products at a higher energy level

A

endergonic

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33
Q

are endergonic reactions anabolic or catabolic

A

anabolic

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34
Q

does oxidation or reduction occur during an endergonic reaction

A

reduction

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35
Q

collision energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

A

activation energy

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36
Q

are small or large things more reactive?

A

small

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37
Q

most common inorganic compound

A

water

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38
Q

why do organic molecules not dissociate

A

because they have covalent bonds

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39
Q

water is said to have a ______which means it is very resistant to change in temperature

A

high heat capacity

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40
Q

adding water to break bonds=

A

hydrolysis

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41
Q

removing water

A

condensation

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42
Q

example of water acting as a cushion

A

synovial joints, heart having a sac around it

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43
Q

Are salt organic or inorganic

A

inorganic

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44
Q

anything that reduces the H+ concentration

A

bases

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45
Q

adding acid or a base….get water and a salt

A

neutralization

46
Q

something that resists pH change in the first place by either accepting or donating H+ ions

A

buffer

47
Q

1-2% of the mass of a cell

A

carbs

48
Q

breaking apart the bonds of what makes ATP?

A

carbs

49
Q

what do trigs consist of

A

a glycerol and a fatty acid

50
Q

fat that does not have any double bonds

A

saturated fat

51
Q

fat that has one double bond

A

unsaturated fat

52
Q

animal product

A

saturated fat

53
Q

incr risk of heat disease

A

saturated fat

54
Q

are saturated or unsaturated fats better for you

A

unsaturated

55
Q

no effect on cholesterol

A

unsaturated

56
Q

reduce cholestrol

A

polyunsaturated fat

57
Q

oil that has been solidified by adding Hydrogen ions at the sites of the double bonds

A

Trans fats

58
Q

reduce the incidence of heart disease

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

59
Q

phospholipids contain what

A

1 phosphate, 2 fatty acids, and 1 glycerol.

60
Q

important in creating plasma membranes

A

phospholipids

61
Q

local signaling molecules.

A

Eicosanoid

62
Q

example of an eicosanoid

A

prostaglandin

63
Q

make up 10-30% of the cell mass

A

proteins

64
Q

how do amino acids get linked together?

A

thru peptide bonds

65
Q

hemoglobin is what structure of protein

A

quartenary

66
Q

get active sites on this type of protein structure

A

tertiary

67
Q

collagen is what type of protein

A

structural or fibrous

68
Q

protein in muscle

A

contractile

69
Q

hemoglobin is what type of protein

A

transport

70
Q

hormones are what type of protein

A

regulatory

71
Q

largest molecules in the body

A

nucleic acids

72
Q

adenine and guanine are what

A

purines

73
Q

cytosine, thymine, and uracil are what

A

pyrimadines

74
Q

what is cell theory

A

action depends on activity of individual cells, cells have smaller components, and cells come from cells

75
Q

most of plasma membranes biomass

A

phospholipid bilayer

76
Q

proteins that go on both sides of the plasma membrane

A

integral proteins

77
Q

proteins found on only one side of the plasma membrane

A

peripheral proteins

78
Q

how thick is the plasma membrane?

A

7-10nm

79
Q

what are the functions of the plasma membrane?

A

separate cells from external environment, facilitate contanct with other cells, provide receptor sites, and control flow into and out of the cell

80
Q

going against the concentration gradient…requires energy from the cell

A

active transport

81
Q

diffusion that involves a channel or carrier proteins

A

facilitated diffusion

82
Q

what are the 3 factors that affect the rate of facilitated diffusion

A

pickup speed, concentration, and number of proteins present

83
Q

how is osmosis regulated

A

by solute concentration and osmotic pressure

84
Q

passive diffusion that uses a pressure gradient

A

filtration

85
Q

communicating junctions

A

gap junctions

86
Q

anchoring junctions

A

desmosomes

87
Q

where the ribosomes get assembled

A

Nucleoli

88
Q

produces integral proteins and phospholipids

A

Rough ER

89
Q

metabolizes lipids, produces sterioid hormones, center of detoxification, and a site of breakdown of glycogen

A

Smooth ER

90
Q

modiefies, concentrates, and packages proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

91
Q

contain enzymes that can breakdown molecules

A

lysosomes

92
Q

contain enzymes that function to help us convert free radicals.

A

peroxisomes

93
Q

distribute organelles within the cell

A

microtubule

94
Q

very thin strands that strengthen the cell surface and allow the plasma membrane to change shape.

A

microfilaments

95
Q

tough insoluble fibers. make the cell strong

A

intermediate filaments

96
Q

things inside the cytoplasm

A

inclusions

97
Q

anchoring point for microtubules

A

centrosomes/centrioles

98
Q

what phase of interphase does protein synthesis occur

A

G1

99
Q

what phase of interphase is DNA replicated

A

S

100
Q

what phase of interphase does the completion of centriole formation occur

A

G2

101
Q

genetic variability is introduced during what part of meiosis

A

Reduction division

102
Q

natural accumulation of what protein tells the cell to start producing DNA

A

Cyclins

103
Q

cell cannot leave interphase till it accumulates enough of what protein

A

MPF

104
Q

cancer of epithelial tissue

A

carcinoma

105
Q

tumor of the underlying connective tissue

A

sarcoma

106
Q

tumor in the bone

A

myeloma

107
Q

denatures tissue

A

hyperthermia

108
Q

DNA making rRNA=

A

transcription

109
Q

rRNA making proteins=

A

translation

110
Q

reads the message of nucleic acids and translates them into amino acids

A

tRNA

111
Q

makes proteins

A

rRNA

112
Q

brings the code that brings in specific amino acids

A

mRNA

September 2017 (2 decks)

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